| MTH108 | Applied Calculus | 3 Credit Hours |
Mathematical and physical meaning of functions, graphs of various functions, types of functions.
Introduction to Limits:Theorems of limits and their applications to functions, right hand and left hand limits, continuous and discontinuous functions and their applications, evaluation of limits using L'Hopital's rule, indeterminate forms.
Derivatives:Introduction to derivatives, geometrical and physical meaning of derivatives, partial derivatives and their geometric significance, application problems (rate of change, marginal analysis).
Higher Derivatives:Leibnitz theorem, Rolle's theorem, mean value theorem, taylors and maclaurins series, indeterminate forms.
Application of Derivatives:Asymptotes, tangents and normal, curvature and radius of curvature, differentials with application.
Application of Partial Derivatives:Euler's theorem, total differentials, maxima and minima of function of two variables.
Integral Calculus:Methods of integration by substitution and by parts, integration of rational and irrational algebraic functions, definite integrals, improper integrals, gamma and beta functions, reduction formulae.
Application of Integral Calculus:Cost function from marginal cost, rocket flights, area under curve.
Vector Calculus:Vector differentiation and vector integration with their physical interpretation and applications, operator, gradient, divergence and curl with their application.
Recommended Books| EL115 | Applied Physics | 3 Credit Hours |
Physical foundation of electric circuits, electric current, electric charge, coulomb's law, electric field and intensity, electric potential, electromotive force (voltage), electric current, resistance, conventional current, AC signals (average and RMS values), electric and magnetic circuits, ohm's law.
Resistive Network:Simple resistive circuits (series and parallel), kirchhoff law, voltage-divider rule, current-divider rule, network theorems (DC analysis), RC and RL circuits, capacitance and capacitors, inductors and inductance, alternating current fundamentals, AC waveform, period and frequency, radians and angular frequency, peak and instantaneous values, average and effective values, AC voltage and current in capacitors and inductors, average power.
Magnetic Circuits and Transformers:Magnetism, magnetic fields, magnetic effects of electric current, magnetic circuit concepts, magnetization curves, characteristics of magnetic materials, faraday's and lenz's law, ampere's law and its applications, eddy currents, inductance, induced current and their applications (transformers, generators etc.)
Recommended Books| ENG111 | Functional English | 3 Credit Hours |
Interactive reading, apply the skills of surveying skimming, scanning and detailed reading and identify topic sentence.
Writing:Audience related writing, composition of sentences, paragraph, short descriptive writing, precis and letter and application, identify contextual clues with the help of cohesive devices.
Listening:Collect gist and important points from a listening text or any other oral source viz. Lecture, speech or conversation.
Speaking:Taking part in different real life situations, answer question, argue and explain one’s point of view, ask for information-turn taking techniques and presentation skills.
Grammar:Mechanics of english language, punctuation, vocabulary, conversion of words, tenses and sentence structure.
Recommended Books| CS103 | Introduction to Programming | 3 Credit Hours |
Overview of programming, background, history and context, programming languages, programming environment, compilers, the edit-compile-link-execute model, portability, programming style and conventions, hand-execution of simple programs, introduction to programs and software, system software, application software, operating systems, programming languages, compilation and interpretation, problem specification, algorithms, flow chart, pseudo code. introduction to various operating systems (windows and SUN Solaris).
Programming techniques, data types and declaration, header file and linkage, variables and constants, arrays, input/output, termination, remark, control structures, branching, conditional structures, repetition and loops, basic library functions
Lab Outline:- Programming: coding, compilation, execution and debugging of simple C programs, implementation of simple control structures, implementation of functions, implementation of different function styles, input/output, loops, conditional branching, arrays, multidimensional arrays, array as function arguments, strings, null character, string functions. pointer variable, returning multiple values from functions, pointers and arrays, pointers arithmetic, pointers and strings, double indirection.
- Working with Windows and SUN Solaris, assembling a computer.
Recommended Books| SS125 | Professional Ethics | 2 Credit Hours |
Professional ethics defined, social responsibility and business ethics, development of business/professional ethics, framework for studying business ethics.
Ethical Issues in Business:Foundation of ethical conflict, classifications of ethical issues, ethical issues related to participants and functional areas of business, recognizing an ethical issue.
Social Responsibility:Economic dimension, legal dimension, ethical dimension and philanthropic dimension.
Ethical Decision-Making Framework:Ethical issue intensity, individual factors, stages of cognitive moral development, corporate culture, significant others, opportunity, business ethics evaluations and intensions, using the ethical decision-making framework to improve ethical decisions.
How the Organization Influences Ethical Decision-Making:Organizational structure and business ethics, role of corporate culture in ethical decision-making, group dimension of organization structure and culture, implications of organizational relationship for ethical decisions.
Development of an Effective Ethics Program:An effective ethical compliance, program and codes of ethics and compliance standards, manager's responsibility, delegation of authority, effective communication of ethical standards, establishing system to monitor, audit and enforce ethical standards.
Recommended Books| ES112 | Basic Electronics | 3 Credit Hours |
Electronics, network theorems.
Introduction to Diodes:Semiconductor diodes, forward and reverse characteristics of diode, types of diodes, equivalent circuits of diodes, applications of diodes.
Bipolar Junction Transistors:Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT), transistor operation, types of transistor, transistor biasing configurations, DC and AC analysis of BJT.
Field Effect Transistors:Field Effect Transistor (FET), FET biasing and configuration techniques, DC and AC analysis of FET.
Lab Outline:The emphasis is first on understanding the characteristics of diodes and transistors. Based on this understanding students are required to construct more complex circuits such as rectifier circuits and power supplies.
- Diode: Data sheet reading, analyzing diode characteristics on a curve tracer, finding a defective diode among a batch of non-defective diodes, various kinds of diode and their uses, and drawing of symbols.
- Transistor: Determining type (N and P) of an unknown bipolar transistor, labeling leads of an unknown transistor, analyzing transistor characteristics on a curve tracer, finding a defective transistor among a batch of non-defective transistors, various kinds of transistors and their uses, and drawing of symbols.
- Simulation of Basic Electronic Circuits using PSPICE
Recommended Books| CS121 | Object Oriented Programming | 3 Credit Hours |
Procedural versus object oriented programming languages, object oriented design strategy and problem solving, pointers, file handling, objects and classes, member functions, public and private members, dynamic memory management, constructors and destructors, templates, object encapsulation, derived classes, class hierarchies, inheritance and polymorphism, operator overloading, stream class, practical design through object oriented programming.
Lab Outline:Object oriented programming environment, implementation of object oriented programs: classes, methods, objects, abstract classes and inheritance, overloading and overriding, class aggregation, implementation of polymorphism, use of constructors and destructors, memory management, testing and debugging.
Recommended Books| SS111 | Islamic Studies/Ethics | 2 Credit Hours |
Surah al-Hujurat and Surah al-Furqan cover all topics related to the ethical values of islamic society including taqwa, simplicity, lawful earning, social justice, rights of parents, elders, neighbors, fear of Allah and truthfulness, excellence of Holy Quran, history of collection and compilation of Holy Quran.
Basic Beliefs of Islam:Tauheed, its importance, effects on the life of believer, shirk and its types. Prophethood, its need and necessities, characteristics and finality of prophethood. Concept on life hereafter. Jihad and its types.
Life history of Holy Prophet Muhammad:Life history at makkah (before propehthood). Life history at makkah (after propehthood). Life history at madina (including brotherhood, charter of madina, victory of makkah and last sermon of holy prophet Muhammad. Importance of hadith and sunnah. Ten selected ahadiths.
Fundamentals of Islam:Prayer, its importance, pre-conditions, obligations and effects. Zakat, its aims and objectives, requirements, legal recipients, nisab and benefits. Fasting, its philosophy, requirements and benefits. pilgrimage, requirements, types, obligations, procedure and benefits.
Islam and Science:Quran and science, importance of science and technology in islam, historical contribution of Islam and Muslims in the development of science. Verses of Holy Quran that cover different fields of science e.g. social, management and natural science.
Ethics:- ISLAM: Introduction, role of beliefs and arkans of Islam in character building, ethical values including brotherhood, equality, liberty, tolerance, social justice, rights of non-muslim, effects of corruption and respect of law.
- HINDUISM: Introduction, doctrines, religious books, concept of re-birth, celebration days, cast systems, trimurti, ethical teaching.
- BUDHISM: Introduction, doctrines, eight nobel paths of buddha, critical study of renunciation of material and wordly life.
- CHRISTIANITY: Introduction, doctrines, religious books, human honor, self reforms, celebration days and ethical teaching.
- JUDAISM: Introduction, doctrines, religious books, ethical values, ten commandments of prophet Moses.
Recommended Books| TL112 | Introduction to Simulation Tools | 1 Credit Hour |
- What is simulation, objectives of simulation, advantages and disadvantages of simulation, areas of application, steps in a simulation study
- Terminologies (state variable, entities, attributes, activity, event, endogenous, exogenous, continuous-time and discrete-time model, continuous-state and discrete-state models, deterministic and probabilistic models, static and dynamic models, linear and nonlinear models, open and closed models, stable and unstable models)
- Common mistakes in simulations (inappropriate level of detail, improper language, unverified model, invalid model, improperly handled initial condition, too short simulations, poor random-number generator, improper selection of seed)
- Types of Simulation (Monte-Carlo simulation, Trace-Driven simulation, Discrete-Event Simulation)
- Introduction and familiarization of Matlab/Simulink environment
(loops, functions, plotting, and array manipulation using Matlab; basic mathematical, circuit analysis, and related examples using Simulink)
- Introduction and familiarization of GNU Octave environment
(basic mathematical operation and plotting using GNU Octave)
- Installation and familiarization of OrCAD EE (PSpice) Designer environment
(design of simple circuits and their analysis using PSpice)
- Installation and familiarization of Quite Universal Circuit Simulator (Qucs)
(design of simple circuits and their analysis using Qucs)
- Installation and familiarization of OMNeT++/NS-3
(demonstration of simple example using OMNeT++/NS-3)
- Installation and familiarization of Riverbed Modeler Academic Edition
(demonstration of simple example using Riverbed Modeler Academic Edition)
| MTH112 | Linear Algebra and Analytical Geometry | 3 Credit Hours |
Brief introduction of matrices, types of matrices, introduction to elementary row operations, echelon and reduced echelon forms, rank of a matrix, inverse of a matrix using elementary row operations.
System of Linear Equations:System of non-homogeneous and homogeneous linear equations, gaussian elimination method, gauss jordan method, consistence criterion for solution of homogeneous and non-homogeneous system of linear equations, application of system of linear equations.
Determinants:Introduction to determinants, properties of determinants of order n, rank of a matrix by using determinants.
Analytic Geometry of 3-Dimensions:Introduction, coordinates in R3
Line:Coordination of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio, straight line, in R3, vector form of a straight line, parametric equations of a straight line, equation of a straight line in symmetric form, direction ratios and direction cosines, angle between two straight lines, distance of a point from a line.
Plane:Equation of a plane, angle between two planes, intersection of two planes, a plane and a straight line, skew lines, cylindrical and spherical coordinates.
Sphere:General equation of sphere, latitude and longitude directions, direction of Qibla.
Multiple Integrals:Evaluation of double and triple integrals in cartesian and polar coordinates.
Recommended Books| PS106 | Pakistan Studies | 2 Credit Hours |
The course is designed to acquaint the students with the rationale of the creation of Pakistan. It deals in detail with the salient aspects of pakistan movement, focusing on the main objectives of national life. The course moves further to give a broader perspective of the social, political, constitutional, economic and geographical aspect of pakistan's endeavors to develop and progress in the contemporary world. For this purpose, the main strands of pakistan's foreign policy are also included.
Contents:Evolution of muslim society in the sub-continent, role of hazrat mujadid alf-sani and shah waliullah, war of independence 1857 and its main causes, aligarh movement and its achievements, two nation theory and ideology of pakistan in the light of the sayings of Allama Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, aligarh movement and its achievements, role of religious and educational institutions in promoting process of education among the muslims, formation of indian national congress 1885 and its role, establishment of all india muslim league 1906 and its achievements, khilafat movement, its background and causes of its failure, allahabad address 1930 and its importance in creation of pakistan, elections of 1937 and role of congress ministries, lahore resolution 1940, its effects on the muslims of south asia, elections of 1946 and transfer of power, the problems faced by pakistan at her emergence, objectives resolution 1949, main features of the constitutions 1956, 1962 and 1973 and their islamic provisions, the causes of separation of east pakistan, foreign policy of pakistan and its determinants, importance of Pakistan relations with USA and China, Pakistan's role in regional and international organisation. UNO, World Bank, IMF, OIC, SAARC and ECO, Pakistan's relations with neighboring countries, war against terrorism and its impact on pakistan, human right in pakistan and causes of their violation, natural sources of pakistan.
Recommended Books| ENG113 | Communication Skills | 2 Credit Hours |
Communication principles, the process of communication, importance of good communication skills in business environment, communication in business organizations (internal-operational, external-operational, personal, challenge of communication in the global market).
Study skills:Brain storming, time-management, effective reading strategies, note-taking, organization, summarizing.
Components of communication:Context, sender-encoder, message, medium, receiver-decoder, feedback.
Non Verbal Communication:Appearance and dress codes, body language-silence-time-space, importance of listening in communication
Functional English:Defining factors in everyday communication (in business organization, in social exchanges), role-play/speaking activities.
Public Speaking:Difference between speaking and writing, reading texts of good public speeches and analysis of their components, listening to famous public speeches, exercises in public speaking
Formal presentations:Difference between informal and formal presentations, modes of formal presentations (extemporaneous, prepared, reading out from a written text, combination of the above mentioned), purpose of oral presentations (entertain, persuade, inform, sell), mechanics of presentations (organization, preparation including avas, rehearse, present), teacher shall model presentations both, with and without avas.
Correctness of Written Communication:Punctuation, grammar: some basic principles, error correcting exercises.
Written Communication:Systematic approach to effective written communication (language, style, tone, organization), practice of written communication for a variety of situations.
Recommended Books| ES204 | Amplifiers and Oscillators | 3 Credit Hours |
Gain calculation – system analysis, single stage BJT and FET amplifier, frequency response.
Practical Amplifier Considerations:Input and output impedance, real and apparent gain, amplifier loading, impedance matching of amplifiers.
Power Amplifiers:Classes of power amplifiers, series-fed class A amplifiers, power efficiency and dissipation, harmonic distortion, single-ended class A amplifiers, transformer-coupled push-pull amplifiers, other push-pull amplifiers, complementary symmetry amplifiers.
Tuned Amplifiers:Single tuned amplifiers, coupling of tuned amplifiers, double tuned amplifiers, stagger tuned amplifiers.
Feedback Amplifiers:General feedback concepts, voltage feedback amplifiers, current feedback amplifiers, effect of feedback on frequency response, series and shunt feedback amplifiers, effect of feedback on non-linear distortion and noise.
Transistor Amplifier at High Frequency:Design and analysis of high frequency amplifiers using S-plane technique, step response of high frequency amplifiers.
Multi-Stage Transistor Amplifier:The multi-stage amplifier at mid-frequencies, approximation for low and high frequencies, design of a broadband amplifier.
Oscillators:Hartley oscillators, colpitt oscillators, RC phase shift oscillators, wein-bridge oscillators, crystal oscillators based on BJT and FET.
Recommended Books| MTH202 | Differential Equations and Fourier Series | 3 Credit Hours |
Introduction, formation and solution of first order, first degree differential equations.
Higher Order Linear Differential Equations:Homogeneous linear equations of order n with constants coefficients, solutions of higher order differential equations according to the roots of auxiliary equation, non-homogeneous linear equations, cauchy euler equation, method of variations of parameters, applications of higher order linear differential equations.
Introduction to Partial Differential Equations:Solution of laplace equation, wave equation and equation by variable separable method, heat equation (simple case).
Fourier series:Fourier coefficients, convergence of fourier series, fourier series of odd and even functions.
Recommended Books| ES214 | Digital Electronics | 3 Credit Hours |
Introduction to number systems, binary numbers, hexadecimal numbers, octal numbers, decimal to binary and binary to decimal number conversion, hexadecimal to binary and binary to hexadecimal conversion, binary coded decimal numbers, grey code, binary to grey and grey to binary number conversion, parity in codes.
Boolean Algebra and Boolean Operations:Introduction to digital electronics, logic, events and binary variables, introduction to fundamental boolean operations, NOT, OR, AND operation and truth tables, other boolean operations as XOR, NOR, NAND, XNOR, truth tables, boolean algebra, boolean expressions, boolean rules, demorgan's theorems, two's complement of a binary number.
Logic Gates:Introduction to digital logic gates, symbols of logic gates, positive logic, negative logic, implementing simple Boolean expressions with logic gates, concept of universal gate, NAND gate as a universal gate, NOR gate as a universal gate.
Combinational Logic Circuits:Few examples of combinational logic circuits including half adder, full adder, parallel adder, parallel adder subtractor, deriving sum-of-products (SOP) and product-of-sums (POS) expressions from a truth table, logic comparators.
Expression Simplification:Reducing an expression using boolean rules, introduction to Karnaugh map, reducing an expression using Karnaugh-map, implementing logic circuits using universal gate, deriving SOP and POS expressions directly from K-map, few examples with K-map, hazzard free design.
Code Converters:1 of 8 decoders with active high outputs, 1 of 8 decoder with active low outputs, binary numbers to grey code converter, grey code to binary numbers converter, 7-segment driver for common cathode displays and common anode displays, binary to BCD converter.
Integrated Digital Circuits:Multiplexers (MUX) and demultiplexers, Read Only Memory (ROM), kinds of ROM e.g. PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Programmable Logic Arrays (PLAs), PAL devices, implementing combinational logic using integrated circuits.
Displays:Seven-segment displays, common anode display, common cathode display, seven-segment display driver, dot matrix displays, LED and LCD displays, drivers for displays.
Digital Technology and Logic Families:Diode as a switch, transistor as a switch, open-collector switch, logic families, resistor-transistor logic, diode-transistor logic, transistor-transistor logic, classes of TTL families, other logic families like emitted coupled logic, injection integrated logic, direct coupled transistor logic, complementary-symmetry metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic, operation of CMOS NOT Gate and CMOS NAND Gate.
Switch Parameters:Switch parameters e.g. fan-in, fan-out, VOH, VIH, VOL, VIL, IIL, IOL, IIH, and IOH, noise margin, reading TTL data sheets, rise and fall times of a rectangular wave, propagation delay times of a logic gate, propagation delay times in TTL, propagation delay times in CMOS, hazzards, comparison among parameters of logic families, reading CMOS data sheets.
Interfacing Digital Circuits:Inverting and non-inverting buffers, LED drivers, calculating fan-in and fan-out of logic gates, interfacing TTL to CMOS, pull-up resistor, interfacing CMOS to TTL, buffers, buffer 9004.
Multivibrators and FLIP FLOPs:Introduction to multivibrators, transistor circuits of bi-stable multivibrator, mono-stable multivibrator, and a-stable multivibrator, timing diagrams of multivibrators, circuit operation and truth tables of SR latch, SR flipflop, JK flip flop, master-slave JK flip flop, D flip flop, T flip flop, Y-latch, 555 timer.
Recommended Books| EL202 | Electrical Circuits | 3 Credit Hours |
Basic two terminal circuit elements, linear time-invariant resistor, ohm's law, capacitor, inductor, energy concepts in two terminal elements, energy dissipated in a resistor, energy stored in a capacitor and inductor.
Kirchhoff's Law:Statements of Kirchhoff's voltage and current law, linearly independent (KCL and KVL) equations, elementary network topology, nodal and loop analysis by systematic application of KVL and KCL, series and parallel connections of two terminal circuit elements.
Elementary Transient Analysis:Differential and Integral forms of circuit equations, initial voltage on a capacitor, initial current in an inductor, first-order circuits, solution of single first order differential equations, homogeneous, particular and total solutions, exponential responses, second-order circuits.
Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis:Network response to sinusoidal driving functions, complex impedance and admittance functions, development of concept of phasor, power consideration, complex power, maximum power transfer, circuits, series and parallel RLC circuits, quality factor.
Exponential Excitation and Transformed Network:Representation of excitations by exponential functions, single element responses, forced response with exponential excitation, introduction to the transformed network, driving point impedance and admittance.
Network Theorems:Linear and non-linear networks, superposition theorem, reciprocity theorem, maximum power transfer theorem, equivalent networks, thevenin's theorem, thevenin's equivalent network, norton's theorem, norton's equivalent networks, t-equivalent networks.
Recommended Books| IN202 | Engineering Management | 3 Credit Hours |
Introduction to engineering management, management and its characteristics.
Project Management:Defining project management, its objectives and basic functions, project identification, project life cycle and project stakeholders, managerial levels, roles and skills, effective goal setting, management by objectives.
Introduction to Planning and Scheduling:Types and tools for planning, WBS, examples and class exercise, activity on node (AON), critical path method (CPM), examples and class exercise, introduction to precedence diagram method (PDM), PDM relationships (SS, FS, FF, SF), examples and class exercise, crashing network techniques, program evaluation and review techniques (PERT), examples and class exercise.
Introduction to Engineering Economics:Time value of money, simple and compound interest, cash flow diagrams, discounting, depreciation and break even analysis, methods of economic comparisons for project selection, comparisons of assets and internal rate of return benefit/cost analysis and cost effectiveness analysis.
Introduction to the Management of Human Resource and its Foundation:Evolution of management thought in changing environment, management ethical and social responsibilities, risk management, strategic human resources planning, recruitment, selection, orientation, training and development, career development, motivation, leadership, reward and compensation, discipline and counseling, benefits, health, communication programs, labour relations, collective bargaining.
Recommended Books| MTH213 | Complex Variables and Transforms | 3 Credit Hours |
Introduction to complex number systems, De moiver's theorem and its applications, complex functions, cauchy-riemann equations (in cartesian and polar coordinates), complex integration, singularities, poles, residues and contour integration and applications.
Laplace Transform:Laplace and inverse laplace transform of elementary functions and their properties, applications of laplace transformation in various fields of engineering.
Fourier Transform:Fourier transform and inverse fourier transforms, solution of differential equations using fourier transform.
Recommended Books| ES201 | Electromagnetics | 3 Credit Hours |
Vector analysis and co-ordinate systems, gradient, divergence and curl of a vector, divergence theorem, potential gradient, relation between E and V
Poisson's and Laplace's Equations:Introduction, poisson's and laplace's equations, cartesian solution of laplace's equation, determination of E by the method of images
The Electric Fields:Electric charges, polarization, and electric force, coloumb's law, electric fields, field lines, superposition, inductive charges, and dipoles, electric field intensity, field intensity due to a point charge, line charge, sheet of charge and continuous volume charge density, electric flux, gauss's law, electric flux density, work done in moving a point charge, electrostatic potential, electrical energy, and equipotential surfaces, conductors, and electrostatic shielding, capacitance and field energy, polarization, dielectrics, and capacitors.
The Magnetic Fields:Magnetic fields, magnetic flux and density, lorentz force, torques, moving charges in B-fields, force on a moving charge and differential current element, force and torque on a closed circuit, biot-savart law, gauss's law for magnetic fields, ampere's law, stokes theorem, solenoids, the field due to solenoid, electromagnetic induction, motional EMF, eddy currents, and magnetic braking, synchronous motors, and induction motors, magnetic field energy, magnetic materials, diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, magnetization and permeability elecromagnetic waves (radio)
Time varying field and Maxwell's Equation:Faraday's law, continuity equation, displacement current, modified amphere's law, non-conservative fields, maxwell's equations in point and integral form, elecromagnetic waves equation
Recommended Books| ES242 | Linear Integrated Circuits and Filters | 3 Credit Hours |
Basics, mathematical operations, practical considerations, differentiators and integrators, single supply biasing and norton amplifiers, analysis of op-amp action, op-amp specifications: interpreting op-amp data sheet, offset voltage and current, temperature rating, output swing, CMRR, slew rate.
Integrated Circuits:Precision rectifiers, peak detectors, comparators, clampers, sample and hold circuit, digital to analog to digital converters, oscillators and integrated timers.
Filter Design:Filter response terminology, second order filter functions (low pass, high pass, band pass, notch, and all pass), examples of passive filter circuits (low pass, high pass, band pass notch, and all-pass), examples for a band pass filter, circuit for single amplifier biquad filters, circuit sensitivity, generalized impedance converter based biquads and integrator based biquads, comparison of biquad realizations, butterworth approximation, chebychev approximation.
Recommended Books| ES254 | Microcontroller and Applications | 3 Credit Hours |
Introduction, simplified microcomputer architecture, simplified memory organization, simplified CPU organization and instruction set, microcomputer operation.
Microprocessor Architecture and Programming Techniques:Structure of 8080/8085 and 8086 microprocessors and their organization, Pin-diagram and functions, data sheet description, interrupts, 8085 instruction set, programming techniques, structure of MC 6800 and MC 6809 microprocessor and its organization, Pin-diagram and functions, the 6800 instruction set, programming techniques.
Interfacing the Microprocessor:Introduction, interfacing with ROM and RAM, basics of input/output interfacing, interfacing with practical i/o ports (serial and parallel), memory map and address decoding.
Microcontroller:Standalone applications of microcontroller, minimum component design, programming of microcontroller, multiple microcontrollers based applications, microprocessor based data acquisition and control interfacing a/d and d/a converters, industrial applications and microprocessors, system designing
Recommended Books| ES224 | Sequential Circuit Design | 3 Credit Hours |
Asynchronous event counter, random sequence counters.
Synchronous Counters and Registers:State assignment for a modulo N synchronous counter, making transition table, universal map, U-map reading rules, obtaining excitation expressions from U-map, circuit realization, races in a synchronous circuit, race-free state assignment of a modulo N synchronous counter using grey code, introducing additional states for race free state assignment of a synchronous counter, designing random sequence counter, shift registers, ring counters, random access memory.
Introduction to Sequential Machines:Classification of sequential machines, concept of pulse and level digital signal, understanding word statement and its key words, state diagram, state table, flow table.
Transition Table:Assigning states to the state table of a pulse input machine, assigning states to the state table of a level input synchronous machine, assigning states to a level input asynchronous machine, races in an asynchronous level machine, introducing cycles to eliminate races, obtaining transition table for pulse input machine, synchronous level input machine.
Excitation and Output ExpressionsObtaining excitation expressions for a pulse input machine, obtaining excitation expressions for a level input asynchronous machine, obtaining excitation expressions of a level input synchronous machine, obtaining output expressions for a pulse input machine, obtaining output expressions for a level input asynchronous machine, obtaining output expression for a level input synchronous machine.
Reduction TechniquesCompatible states, equivalent states, determining compatible states using merger diagram, determining equivalent states using implication table.
Recommended Books| TL322 | Analog and Digital Communication | 3 Credit Hours |
Introduction to communication systems, building blocks of a communication system, history of telecommunications, classification of communication (on the basis of link direction).
Signals and Systems for Communication Systems:Information and carrier signals, baseband and passband signals, noise, noise sources, signal to noise ratio (SNR), noise factor and noise figure.
Analogue Modulation Techniques:Modulation, amplitude modulation (AM) and demodulation, single sideband, double sideband and vestigial sideband modulation, frequency modulation (FM), wideband FM, narrowband FM, pre-emphasis and de-emphasis, direct and indirect FM, phase modulation (PM).
Pulse Modulation:Pulse modulation, analog to digital conversion (sampling, quantization and encoding), pulse code modulation (PCM), differential PCM and delta modulation.
Line Encoding Techniques:Return-to-Zero (RZ), non return-to-zero (NRZ), alternate mark inversion (AMI), pseudo-ternary, manchester and differential manchester, bipolar with 8 zeros substitution (B8ZS) and high density bipolar 3 zeros (HDB3).
Information Theory:Shannon's capacity theorem, effect of SNR on the capacity of a channel.
Digital Modulation:Amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK), phase shift keying (PSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), interpretation of BER curves for digital modulation schemes.
Error Detection and Correction:Motivation for error detection and correction, vertical redundancy check, cyclic redundancy check, hamming codes and linear block codes.
Lab Outline:Differentiating analog and digital communication systems, analog modulation techniques; amplitude modulation using LD trainer, double sideband suppressed carrier, single sideband residual carrier, single sideband suppressed carrier, amplitude demodulation, frequency modulation and demodulation, phase modulation and demodulation, pulse modulation using EV trainer, pulse code modulation, differential/delta modulation.
Recommended Books| TL303 | Wave Propagation and Antennas | 3 Credit Hours |
Maxwell's equation, elecromagnetic waves (radio), the speed of light, resonance, index of refraction, poynting vector, oscillating charges, and polarization, refraction and dispersion, polarizers, malus's law, brewster angle, and polarization by relection/scattering, doppler effect, traveling waves and standing waves.
Uniform Plane Wave Propagation:Uniform plane wave propagation, uniform plane waves, the wave equations for conducting medium, sinusoidal time variations, phase and group velocity, conductors and dielectrics, poynting theorem and flow of power, reflection and refraction of waves at the boundary of two dielectrics, application of boundary value problems and their solutions, surface impedance.
Guided Waves:Waves between parallel planes, TE (transverse electric), waves, TM (transverse magnetic) waves, TEM (traverse electromagnetic) waves, attenuation in parallel plane guides, wave impedance.
Ground Wave Propagation:Plane earth reflection, space and surface waves, spherical earth propagation, tropospheric waves.
Ionospheric Waves:Introduction to ionosphere, wave propagation in the ionosphere, reflection and refraction by the ionosphere, regular and irregular variations of the ionosphere, attenuation factor.
Antennas:Introduction, network theorems, directional properties of dipole antennas, two-element array, horizontal patterns in broadcast arrays, linear arrays, multiplication patterns, binomial array, antenna gain and effective area, antenna terminal impedance, transmission loss between antennas resistance and reciprocity theorem.
Lab Outline:INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE ANTENNA CHARACTERISTICS: basic antenna parameters, patterns, beam area, radiation intensity, beam efficiency, diversity and gain, antenna apertures, effective height, bandwidth, radiation, efficiency, antenna temperature and antenna filed zones
ANTENNA MODELING AND ANALYSIS: conical horn antenna , slot coupled patch antenna, dipole antenna, helical antenna, yagi-uda array, log periodic antenna, antenna for special applications - sleeve antenna, turnstile antenna, omni directional antennas, antennas for satellite antennas for ground penetrating radars, embedded antennas, ultra wide band antennas, plasma antenna
ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS: scattering parameters, radiation pattern measurement, gain and directivity measurements, anechoic chamber measurement
SIMULATION OF MAXWELL EQUATIONS: wave equation for lossy and lossless media
| MTH311 | Numerical Analysis and Computer Applications | 3 Credit Hours |
Introduction, floating points, errors, types of errors.
Solution of Non-Linear Equation:Bisection method, regula-falsi method, newton-raphson method, fixed-point iterative method.
Solution of Linear Algebraic Equation:Iterative methods: jaccobi's method, guass-seidal method.
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors:Power method
Interpolation and Extrapolation:Differences: forward, backward, central, operators and their relations, newton's forward interpolation formula, newton's backward interpolation formula, newton's divided difference formula, lagrange's interpolation formula, stirling's formula.
Numerical Differentiation:Newton's forward and backward differentiation formulae.
Numerical Quadrature:Trapezoidal rule, simpson's one-third (1/3) rule, simpson's three-eighth (3/8) rule, weddle's rule, gaussian quadrature.
Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations:Taylor series method, Euler's and its modified methods, runge-kutta (RK) method, predictor corrector methods, miline's method, adam-bashforth method.
Recommended Books| TL314 | Signals and Systems | 3 Credit Hours |
Classification of signals, basic operations on signals, signal representation and models, system characteristics, linear time-invariant (LTI) systems, zero-state and zero-input responses, characterization of systems using system equations and impulse response, system order, properties of LTI systems, causality and stability.
Time Domain Analysis:Sinusoidal and complex exponential signals, singularity function signals, signal energy and signal power, orthogonal signals, signal representation by generalized fourier series, convolution evaluation and properties.
System Representation in Laplace Domain:Review of laplace transform, pole-zero plots, system, stability, S-domain transfer function, obtaining transfer function from the system equation.
Frequency Domain Representation and Analysis of Signals and Systems:Spectra and bandwidth of signals, review of fourier series and fourier transform for representation of signals, standard signals in the frequency domain, energy density spectrum, power density spectrum, auto-correlation function, system frequency response, phase delay and group delay.
Continuous-Time Filters:Distortion less transmission, ideal filters, approximation of ideal filters, butterworth and chebyshev filter design, frequency transformation, introduction to elliptic and chebyshev type II filters.
Sampled Continuous - Time Signals and Systems:Ideal sampling, sampling theorem, practical sampling effects, discrete-time signals as vectors, DT-systems as linear transformation of these vectors, constant coefficient difference equations, solving difference equations, determining unit pulse response.
Recommended Books| ENG320 | Technical Report Writing Skills | 3 Credit Hours |
Text analysis, critical thinking, skimming, scanning and detailed reading
Writing:Academic writing/technical report writing drafting letters with different types of messages with different registers and purposes, prepare CV's and covering letters according to job requirement
Listening:Listening comprehension formal and informal lectures and presentations, take notes and collect specific information
Speaking:Speaking in real life situations, conversational strategies, elements of public speaking: giving lectures and presentation on specific topics, ask questions and explain point of view in discussions (demonstrate turn taking technique)
Recommended Books| ES323 | Opto-Electronics | 3 Credit Hours |
Introduction of optoelectronics devices, historical background, the nature of light, basic laws and properties of light, units of measuring light (radiometric and photometric units)
Semiconductor Light Sources:Light sources, emission and absorption of radiation, the einstein relation, light emission in semiconductor, stimulation emission in semiconductors, lasing conditions in semiconductors, population inversion, electrical and optical bandwidth
Lasers:Laser operation and basic concept, optical feedback, pumping, einstein relationship, population inversion, optical emission from semiconductor, semiconductors laser diodes (SLDs), types of semiconductor laser diodes, homojunction and heterojunction lasers, semiconductor injection laser, stripe geometry, gain guided laser, index-guided laser, quantum well lasers, short and couple guide laser, distributed feedback laser, VCSE lasers, injection laser characteristics, injection laser to fiber coupling, non-semiconductor lasers, spectral and output characteristics, threshold condition, laser losses, laser modes, classes of lasers, single mode operation, stripe geometry, efficiency, tunable lasers, direct and external modulation
Light Emitting Diode:Light emitting diodes (LEDs), types of light emitting diodes (LEDs), LED power and efficiency, spectral characteristics, modulation, capabilities
Photo Detectors:Photo detection in semiconductors, quantum efficiency, responsivity, long wavelength cutoff, semiconductor photodiodes without internal gain, PIN photodiodes, avalanche photodiodes (APDs), photodetector noise considerations, phototransistors.
Optical Transmitters and Receiver:Intensity modulation and direct detection modulation (IM/DD), SLD drive circuits, LED drive circuit, optical receivers design, receiver noise.
Lab Outline:Introduction to optoelectronics, measuring characteristics of optical sources (LED and LASER), measuring characteristics of optical detector (PN, PIN and APD), overview of optical source meter and optical power meter, field optical spectrum analyzer
Recommended Books| TL333 | Computer Communication and Networking | 3 Credit Hours |
Communication model, data communications, networks, the Internet.
Architecture and Protocols:Need for protocol architecture, layered architecture of ISO-OSI model, standard protocols and its functions, TCP/IP protocol suit, IPv4 and IPv6
Data Communication:Data transmission concept and terminology, analog and digital transmission, transmission impairments (attenuation, delay distortion, noise), bandwidth and data rate, transmission types (synchronous, asynchronous), types of errors (error detection and correction methods), modes of transmission (simplex, half duplex and full duplex).
Data Link Control Protocols and Multiplexing Techniques:Introduction to error/flow control (stop-n-wait, sliding window), frame format (SDLC and HDLC), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), synchronous TDM and asynchronous TDM.
Switched Communication Network:Switched networks (circuit switched, message switched, packet switched virtual CKT. and datagram), broadcast network, packet radio network, satellite network, access method (CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA, ALOHA and token passing), introduction to congestion and congestion control mechanism.
Lab Outline:Installation and troubleshooting of network interface card (NIC), transmission media (guided/unguided), cables and connectors, introduction to client/server architecture, introduction to LAN/WAN, physical layout (bus, star, tree and ring topology), inter networking devices (repeaters, bridges, switches and routers), LAN types: ethernet, token ring, ARCnet, FDDI, fast ethernet, 100 base VG any LAN etc., introduction to IP addressing scheme, introduction to OPNET: a network simulation tool, observe the operation of ethernet network (creating a direct link with media access control using OPNET), modeling the CCNA topology using OPNET in a WAN scale, introduction to routers and its interfaces, router configuration, introduction to routing (static/dynamic).
Recommended Books| TL344 | Digital Signaling Processing | 3 Credit Hours |
Review of discrete-time signals and systems along with their representation, analogue-to-digital conversion, uniform sampling theorem, quantisation and its effects, quantisation noise to signal ratio.
Time-Domain DSP:Characterization of a discrete-time system using difference equation and pulse transfer function, signal energy and signal power of a DT signal, convolution sum and its use in DT systems, correlation, and normalized correlation, the concept of self-similarity and autocorrelation, using autocorrelation for timing recovery.
Fourier Transform:Discrete-Time fourier transform, periodicity of DTFT and the proof of nyquist theorem, discrete fourier transform (DFT), properties of DFT, introduction to fast fourier transform (radix-2, decimation in time, decimation in frequency), magnitude and phase response using DFT.
Z Transform:Z-transform for the analyses of discrete-time systems, inverse Z-transform, solution of difference equations using Z-transforms, obtaining the pulse transfer function from the difference equation, pole-zero maps in the Z-domain, stability of discrete-time systems
Digital Filters:Concepts of FIR and IIR digital systems, design of digital filters using discrete-time fourier transform - window method, introduction to window functions, comparison of the properties of the window functions.
Spectrum Estimation:Stationary and non-stationary signals, estimating energy density spectrum of non-stationary signals using window functions, advantages and disadvantages of the window functions in terms of spectral resolution and leakage, periodogram or power density spectrum.
Multi-rate Digital Signal Processing:Advantages for multi-rate digital signal processing, decimation, interpolation, sampling rate conversion by a rational factor, applications for multi-rate signal processing in telecommunication engineering.
Lab Outline:MATLAB: sampling and quantisation of signals, implementation and interpretation of convolution, correlation algorithms, frequency-domain analyses of discrete-time signals and systems, discrete fourier transform (DFT), design of FIR filters using window method, power spectrum estimation of signals, introduction to multirate signal processing.
TI DSP 320TMSC6713: introduction to TI 320TMSC6713 DSP starter kit and code composer studio, implementation of mathematical equations on the DSK, import/export of data to/from DSK, digital direct synthesis.
Recommended Books| TL361 | Microwave Engineering | 3 Credit Hours |
Microwave definition, microwave frequencies, properties of microwaves.
Transmission Lines:General description of waves on transmission line, e-waves, h-waves, group velocity, phase velocity, impedance and admittance relationship of transmission line, propagation characteristics (attenuation constant, phase constant), travelling waves and standing waves, VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio).
Waveguides:Wave-guide transmission line single mode propagation, rectangular wave-guide, problems on rectangular wave guide, cylindrical wave-guide, elliptical wave-guides, propagation characteristic wave-guide
Microwave Network Analysis:Z and Y parameters analysis, ABCD and S representation of microwave networks, transmission lines, discontinuities and s-parameters, smith chart analyzing rules, smith chart and matching networks
Microwave Tubes:High frequency limitations of conventional tubes. Bunching and velocity modulation
Microwave Transmitters and Receivers:Principles and operation of one cavity and two cavity klystrons, multicavity klystron, travelling wave tubes, backward wave oscillator, microwave solid state devices, varactor diode, PIN diode, GUNN diode and IMPATT diode
Microwave Components:Directional couplers, power dividers, microwave mixers, theory of mixing, conversion loss, microwave link planning, introduction to MMIc’s, application and limitations.
Recommended Books| TL353 | Probability and Stochastic Processes | 3 Credit Hours |
Introduction to probability, axiomatic approach, distribution function and density function of random variables, examples of distribution and density functions, conditional and joint distribution, functions of random variables, central-limit theorem, expected value, moments, variance, mean, autocorrelation, stationary process, wide sense stationary process, transformation of stochastic processes, correlation, power-spectrum, thermal noise, band-limited processes
Introduction to linear mean square estimation and filtering problems, random signal and noise through a linear system, noise representation, signal to noise ratio for F.M., A.M., P.M. and digital modulation schemes, shot noise, white noise, noise figure and noise temperature.
Recommended Books| TL473 | Fiber Optics Communication Systems | 3 Credit Hours |
History of optical communication, elements of optical fiber communication (OFC) transmission link, evolution of fiber optic system, advantages of OFC system.
Optical Fiber Wave Guides:Optical fiber waveguide, Ray theory transmission, electromagnetic mode theory for optical propagation, cylindrical fibers, single mode fiber, multimode fibers, step index fibers, graded index fibers, single mode/multimode fiber transmission characteristics.
Transmission Characteristics:Attenuation, absorption losses (intrinsic and extrinsic), scattering losses, fiber bend loss, linear scattering losses (Rayleigh and Mir scattering), non-linear scattering losses (stimulated brillouin and stimulated raman scattering), pulse broadening, intra-modal and inter-modal dispersion, overall fiber dispersion, polarization, non-linear effects.
Optical Fiber Cables and Connectors:Optical fibers, fiber strength and durability, cable design, fiber-to-fiber joints, fiber splicing.
Optical Fiber Communication System:Components of fiber optic networks, optical amplifiers, semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA), erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA), advanced multiplexing strategies, operational principles of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), basic on concepts of SONET/SDH network.
Optical Fiber Measurements:Fiber attenuation measurements, fiber dispersion measurements, field measurements, optical time domain reflectormeter (OTDR).
Recommended Books| TL412 | Satellite Communication | 3 Credit Hours |
Introduction and historical background, need of satellite communication, uplink and downlink frequencies, international regulation and frequency coordination, satellite frequency allocation and band spectrum, general and technical characteristics of satellite communication signal.
Orbits and Launching Methods:Introduction to orbits and Kepler's laws for planetary motion, orbital perturbations, GEO-stationary orbit, and antenna look angles, earth eclipse of satellite, launches and launch vehicles.
Radio Wave Propagation:Introduction of wave propagation theory, polarization of satellite signals, atmospheric losses, ionospheric effects, rain attenuation and depolarization and other impairments.
The Space and Earth Segments:Introduction of satellite segments, satellite on board processing, satellite subsystems, introduction and types of earth stations.
The Space Links:Introduction, equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP), transmission losses, link power budget calculations, carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) and carrier to interference ratio (C/I).
Satellite Accessing Techniques:Introduction of access techniques, pre-assigned and demand assigned FDMA, pre-assigned and demand assigned TDMA, satellite-switched TDMA, code-division multiple access (CDMA).
Satellite Systems and Services:Introduction of satellite systems, global positioning system (GPS), very small aperture terminals (VSATs), direct broadcast satellite (DBS) services, mobile satellite services, metrological satellite services, remote sensing services.
Recommended Books| TL444 | Transmission and Switching Systems | 3 Credit Hours |
- Review of Unipolar, Polar, and Bipolar Line Coding Schemes
- Multi-level Line Coding Schemes (2B1Q, 4B3T), Scrambling Techniques (HDB3, B8ZS)
FDM, analog carrier system, synchronous TDM, data rate management techniques, digital carrier system (DS, T, and E system) and example of DS-1 framing format, statistical TDM
Switching Technology:Circuit switching, packet switching, and virtual circuit switching
Structure of Switch:Space-division switch (crossbar switches), multi-stage space-division switch and clos criterion, propagation delay, transmission delay, queueing delay, processing delay, time-division switch, time-space-time (TST) switch, space-time-space (STS) switch, banyan switch
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN):Telephone handset, telephone base unit, pulse dialing, tone dialing, SLIC (BORSCHT), exchange hierarchy (class 5-4-3-2-1) and their functions, private branch exchange (PBX), customer premises equipment (CPE), local exchange carrier (LEC), interexchange carrier (IXC), ITU numbering plan, charging plan (single-pulse metering, multiple-pulse metering, periodic pulse metering, periodic multi-pulse metering)
Signaling Technique:- Supervisory signals or line signals, routing signals or register signals, management signals or inter-register signaling
- In-channeling signaling (inband and outband signaling, PCM signaling)
- Common Channel Signaling (CCS), CSS Network (LE, STP, SCP), associated CCS, quasi-associated signaling, non-associated CCS
- Comparison between In-channeling and Common Channel Signaling
- Signaling System 7 (purpose and features of SS7, SS7 network architecture, signaling link types, protocol architecture of SS7, SS7 signaling units, basic call setup)
Traffic characterization (loss and delay systems), trunk, arrival rate / calling rate, holding time / service time, traffic volume, traffic intensity or average occupancy, traffic measurement unit (erlang, century call seconds)
Traffic Statistics:call completion ratio (CCR), answer to seizure ratio (ASR) and factors affecting low ASR, network efficiency ratio (NER), call setup success rate (CSSR), call drop rate (CDR), call failure rate (CFR), mean holding time (MHT), mean conversation time (MCT), busy hour call attempts (BHCA), busy hour calling rate (BHCR), Grade of Service (GoS), blocking probability, call congestion, duration of congestion period
Traffic Types:traffic offered (call attempts), traffic carried (call success), traffic lost (call failure)
Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) / Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH):Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) overview, advantages and disadvantages of PDH, SONET and SDH overview and its features, SONET signal hierarchy (STS-1 to STS-192) and the comparison of data rates for STS and STM signals, SONET components (STS multiplexer and demultiplexer, add/drop multiplexer (ADM), regenerators), comparison of SONET and existing digital signals, SONET network and layers, SONET frame format versus SDH frame format, SONET (SOH, LOH, POH), SONET virtual tributaries, SDH containers and virtual containers
Emerging Technologies:- Broadband implementation in commercial exchange and introduction to software switches (soft-switch)
- Unification of circuit and packet technologies, next generation networks (NGN), layered architecture, implementation strategies
| TL423 | Wireless Communications | 3 Credit Hours |
Introduction to wireless communication systems, classification of wireless systems, wireless propagation mechanisms, frequency classifications
Link Performance:Link budget, path geometry, path clearance and obstruction (diffraction and reflection), impairments to radio systems (rain attenuation, fading etc.), fading, types of fading, fading models (statistical distributions), multipath fading and its alleviation.
Introduction to Cellular Communication System:History, evolution of cellular system, six basic components in every cellular system
Cellular System Principles:Frequency re-use concept, co-channel interference, channel assignment methods, handover and roaming, multiple access techniques (FDMA, TDMA and CDMA etc.)
Performance Improvement Techniques:Power control, cell splitting, sectoring, fixed and dynamic channel assignments.
GSM Systems:System architecture, frame structure, channel types, GSM link level, GSM handover and roaming
3G Systems and its Evolution:Spread spectrum based communication systems, concepts and architecture
Lab Outline:Simulation of propagation characteristics of a radio signal in free space, simulation of AWGN channel, simulation of rayleigh and rician fading channel, simulation of flat and frequency selective fading, simulation of BER performance of various digital modulation schemes (m-PSK, m-QAM) for the AWGN channel and rayleigh fading channel, simulation of frequency hopping spread spectrum, direct sequence spread spectrum and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.
Recommended Books| TL483 | Mobile Network Planning | 3 Credit Hours |
Detailed network design and analysis - "capacity design, traffic modeling (Erlang model), reverse/forward link capacity and link capacity equation, network architecture, site surveys and audits, cell site configurations". Link Budgets - "noise figure in link budget, S/N ratio for a mobile user, receiver sensitivity, confidence cell, shadow margin and handoff gain, fade margin, interference, forward/reverse link range, link budget factors (MAPL calculations)."
Coverage Planning:Coverage design, average path loss models (Hata, Cost 231 etc.), Link budget factors (MAPL calculations), cell site gains and losses, drive testing, identifying antenna types, antenna configurations, coverage goals, equipment characteristics, base station design, spreadsheet based planning and growth planning.
GSM Network Planning (Case Study 1):Review of GSM system and architecture, reverse and forward links, frequency planning (frequency reuse, frequency allocation, frequency conflicts, handoffs, power control).
CDMA 2000 Network Planning (Case Study 2):Fundamentals of CDMA2000 standard, radio configurations, wireless architecture, reverse and forward links, logical and physical channels. PN Planning (frequency allocation, pilot increment and search window size, PN offset reuse patterns, PN offset planning, pilot searching process, aliasing). Handoff Planning (soft handoffs, deploying second carrier, hard handoff, interference mitigation, hard handoff triggers, pilot beacon).
Recommended Books| TL476 | Multimedia Systems and Networking | 3 Credit Hours |
Multimedia terminology, media types (text, audio, video and graphics), multimedia applications (elastic and in-elastic traffic), multimedia technologies
Multimedia Networking:Audio/Video compression, real-time traffic, taxonomy of multimedia applications, video streaming (client buffering, prefetching, and adapting video quality to available bandwidth, content distribution networks (CDNs), case study (youtube, netflix, and kankan systems as case studies for streaming video), conversational voice and video (adaptive playout, forward error correction, and error concealment), case study (skype), RTP/RTCP and SIP, mechanisms within the network that can be used to distinguish one class of traffic (e.g. delay-sensitive applications such as conversational voice) from another (e.g. elastic applications such as browsing web pages), and provide differentiated service among multiple classes of traffic
Networking Issues for Multimedia:Error resilience, QoS guarantees, traffic shaping and policing, admission control algorithms, queue management, scheduling, issues in multicasting. end-to-end QoS for video delivery, wireless video, error control in video streaming, cross-layer video adaptation, integrated vs differentiated services architectures, network security in IP networks
Multimedia Coding Standards:JPEG/JPEG-2000, H.26x, MPEG-1/4/7, AVC, scalable video coding, multipoint data conferencing: T.120, error resilience in video codecs: H.26x and MPEG, multimedia over ATM, multimedia over IP: multicast, streaming multimedia over wireless/mobile networks
Wireless Broadband Technologies:Multimedia applications in WiMax/LTE, introduction to mobile TV, DVB. IP telephony, IPTV
Recommended Books| TL453 | Broadband Digital Networks | 3 Credit Hours |
Review of narrow-band technologies (ISDN, LAN, MAN, WAN), overview of broadband and emerging technologies (DSL, LTE, PON)
Medium Speed Technologies:X.25, Frame Relay, CATV, T and E carrier systems
Link Layer broadband technologies:ATM: protocol architecture, model planes, logical connections, control signaling, ATM cells, cell format, service categories, adaptation layer protocol, MPLS, GMPLS
Broadband ISDN:B-ISDN interfaces, B-ISDN user access and protocols, digital signaling system, abilities and benefits of B-ISDN, B-ISDN network elements and structures, reference points, protocols, functions of different layers in B-ISDN model, Transportation of ATM cells using SDH/SONET, ATM layer in B-ISDN
Digital Subscriber Line:Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) introduction, architecture, DSL broadband technologies (HDSL, SDSL, ADSL, VDSL), line codes (QAM/CAP and DMT) in DSL, performance issues in DSL, network solutions based on DSL, a case study, next generation digital loop carriers
Latest Broadband Technologies:Satellite transmission, free space optics, GPON, FTTH and LTE networks
Recommended Books| TL499 | Project/Thesis | 3 Credit Hours |
- Review of literature; Introduction to thesis writing; Introduction to scientific manuscript writing; Introduction to plagiarism, types of plagiarism; Thesis layout instructions.
- Students work on their projects and meet with their supervisor as per schedule.
| MTH101 | Applied Calculus | 3 Credit Hours |
| EL101 | Basic Electrical Engineering | 3 Credit Hours |
| ES110 | Basic Electronics | 3 Credit Hours |
| ES120 | Computer Aided Engineering Drawing | 2 Credit Hours |
| ES100 | Electronic Workshop | 2 Credit Hours |
| EN100 | English | 3 Credit Hours |
| ES310 | Feedback Control Systems | 3 Credit Hours |
| CS115 | Introduction to C Programming | 3 Credit Hours |
| CS101 | Introduction to Computing | 3 Credit Hours |
| SS110 | Islamic Studies/Ethics | 2 Credit Hours |
| MTH110 | Linear Algebra and Analytical Geometry | 3 Credit Hours |
| PS105 | Pakistan Studies | 2 Credit Hours |
| TL421 | RF and Mobile Networks | 3 Credit Hours |
| TL401 | Telecommunication Policies Standards and Regulations | 3 Credit Hours |
| TL481 | Voice and Data Networking in CDMA2000 | 3 Credit Hours |
| TL362 | Radar System Engineering | 3 Credit Hours |
RADAR block diagram and operation, RADAR range equation, RADAR frequencies, applications of RADAR
RADAR Parameters:Prediction of range performance, minimum detectable signal, receiver noise, signal to noise ratio, integration of RADAR pulses, RADAR cross section, transmitter power, antenna parameters, system losses, propagation effects, RADAR clutters.
RADAR Types:Continuous wave (CW) and frequency modulated RADAR, MTI and pulse wave (PW) doppler RADAR, tracking RADAR.
Components of RADAR:RADAR transmitters, RADAR antennas, receivers, displays and duplexers.
Detection of RADAR Signals in Noise:Detection criteria, detector characteristics, performance of RADAR operator, automatic detection.
Recommended Books| TL402 | Spread Spectrum Communications | 3 Credit Hours |
Concept and definitions of SS communications as compared with conventional types of communications, origin of SS communications, implementations of SS communications, spreading sequences, orthogonal and semi-orthogonal sequences.
PN sequences: pseudo-noise (PN) sequences generation and its properties (balance, run and correlation properties).
M-sequences: generation of M-sequence using shift registers (fibonacci and galois feedback generators), characteristics of M-sequence (near balance, correlation and security etc.), polynomial representation of M-sequences, gold sequences: why gold codes, generation of gold codes, finding preferred pair of M-sequences, correlation properties of gold sequences.
Orthogonal sequences: walsh codes, motivation, generation and its properties, application of walsh codes, variable length orthogonal codes (motivation, generation and properties).
Spread Spectrum Communication Systems:Fundamental of spread spectrum:: concept of spectrum and bandwidth, definition of SS signals, types of SS signals, benefits of SS techniques.
Analysis of SS systems: direct sequence SS systems, frequency-hopped SS systems, synchronization of SS communication system (acquisition and tracking)
Application of spread spectrum: anti-jamming, ranging, multipath suppression, code-division multiple access, recent commercial applications.
CDMA systems: introduction to 2G/3G standards, CDMA 2000 systems and architecture, WCDMA system and architecture.
Recommended Books| TL463 | Microwave Engineering | 3 Credit Hours |
Microwave definition, microwave frequencies, properties of microwaves.
Transmission Lines:General description of waves on transmission line, e-waves, h-waves, group velocity, phase velocity, impedance and admittance relationship of transmission line, propagation characteristics (attenuation constant, phase constant), travelling waves and standing waves, VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio).
Microwave Network Analysis:Z and Y parameters analysis, ABCD and S representation of microwave networks, transmission lines, discontinuities and s-parameters, smith chart analyzing rules, smith chart and matching networks, wave-guide transmission line single mode propagation.
Waveguides and Microwave Antennas:Rectangular wave-guide, problems on rectangular wave guide, cylindrical wave-guide, elliptical wave-guides, propagation characteristic wave-guide, planar circuit technology: microstrip lines and their design, microstrip coupled line filters, antenna design considerations, horn antenna, parabolic antenna, microwave lens antenna, spiral antenna, microwave tubes: high frequency limitations of conventional tubes, bunching and velocity modulation.
Microwave Transmitters and Receivers:Principles and operation of one cavity and two cavity klystrons, multicavity klystron, travelling wave tubes, backward wave oscillator, microwave solid state devices, varactor diode, PIN diode, GUNN diode and IMPATT diode, directional couplers, power dividers, microwave mixers, theory of mixing, conversion loss, microwave link planning, introduction to MMIc’s, application and limitations.
Recommended Books| TL433 | Principles of Telecommunication Traffic Engineering | 3 Credit Hours |
Introduction to traffic engineering from the service provider network (emphasis upon the evolution of traffic engineering, including its role in network transmission from layer 2 to IP technology and MPLS traffic engineering), review of probability theory (distributions, stochastic processes), introduction to traffic theory, tele-traffic models, classical models for voice and data traffic.
Tele-traffic Models:Telecommunication networks, switching and routing, multiplexing and concentration, multiple access, circuit switched network modeled as a loss network, packet switched network modeled as a queuing network.
Traffic Measurements and Modeling:Introduction, traffic measurements, traffic variations, traditional modeling of telephone traffic, traditional modeling of data traffic, novel models for data traffic, simple tele-traffic model, poisson model, erlang model, binomial model, engset model.
Performance Analysis:Objectives and prerequisites, real-time flows and the current Internet protocols, the problem with IP, requirements for an integrated service packet network (ISPN), introduction to QoS, traffic and QoS parameters, hierarchical and administrative network structures, traffic mixes in the network, QoS parameters and their measurements: delay, jitter, data rate.
Application Types:Introduction, elastic/in-elastic applications, interactive real-time media flows (audio, video), many-to-many communications: IP multicast (group communication using IP, multicast routing, multimedia conferencing), QoS based routing (what is QoS based routing?, addressing and metrics).
Scheduling and Queueing Management:Introduction to queuing and scheduling, conservation law, fairness, dimensions and strategies, priorities, generalized processor sharing, simple teletraffic model, m/m/1, m/m/n, first come first serve (FCFS), round robin, weighted fair queuing, queue management and congestion control, discussions and summary.
Network QoS Support and Application Level Service Interfaces:Introduction, intserv, resource reservation protocol (RSVP), diffserv
Traffic Management:Introduction, traffic and congestion control in IP networks, Internet, ATM technique, service categories and traffic contract, traffic and congestion control in ATM, connection admission control (CAC) and usage parameter control (UPC), ABR flow control.
Application Level QoS Support:Transport support of QoS: RTP/RTCP, user to network signaling, session related support: SIP/SDP, introduction to VPN
Case Study:Develop a case study for MPLS architecture
Recommended Books