Mathematical and physical meaning of functions, graphs of various functions, types of functions.

Theorems of limits and their applications to functions, right hand and left hand limits, continuous and discontinuous functions and their applications.

Introduction to derivatives, geometrical and physical meaning of derivatives, partial derivatives and their geometric significance, application problems (rate of change, marginal analysis).

Leibnitz theorem, Rolle's theorem, mean value theorem, taylors and maclaurins series.

Indeterminate forms (0 ÷ 0), (∞ ÷ ∞), (0 × ∞), (∞ - ∞), 1^∞, ∞⁰, 0⁰

Asymptotes, tangents and normal, curvature and radius of curvature, differentials with application.

Euler's theorem, total differentials, maxima and minima of function of two variables.

Methods of integration by substitution and by parts, integration of rational and irrational algebraic functions, definite integrals, improper integrals, gamma and beta functions, reduction formulae.

Cost function from marginal cost, rocket flights, area under curve.

Vector differentiation and vector integration with their physical interpretation and applications, ▽ operator, gradient, divergence and curl with their application.

1. Brief Calculus and its Applications - Daniel Dale Benice (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0395824648 or ISBN-13: 978-0395824641)
2. Applied Calculus - Raymond F. Coughlin (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 020506910X or ISBN-13: 978-0205069101)
3. Calculus with Analytical Geometry - S. M. Yousuf, Muhammad Amin (7^th Edition)

Review of KVL, KCL, nodal and loop analysis, serial/parallel connections of two terminal circuit elements

Differential and Integral forms of circuit equations, initial voltage on a capacitor, initial current in an inductor, first-order circuits, solution of single first order differential equations, homogeneous, particular and total solutions, exponential responses, second-order circuits.

Network response to sinusoidal driving functions, complex impedance and admittance functions, development of concept of phasor, power consideration, complex power, maximum power transfer,circuits, series and parallel RLC circuits, quality factor.

Linear and non-linear networks, superposition theorem, reciprocity theorem, maximum power transfer theorem, equivalent networks, thevenin’s theorem, thevenin’s equivalent network, norton’s theorem, norton’s equivalent networks, T-equivalent networks.

Learn the use of basic instruments in electrical engineering such as function generators, power supplies, oscilloscopes. Design and implement circuits using R, RL, RC, RLC combination and observe resonance and impedance characteristics. Verify node voltage and current in RLC circuits as well as circuit theorems using laboratory instruments. Circuit transformation should also be verified using laboratory instruments. Related concepts are established through simulation tools such as PSPICE, Multisim etc.

1. Basic Circuit Theory - Charles A. Desoer, Ernest S. Kuh (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0070851832 or ISBN-13: 978-0070851832)
2. Basic Electrical Engineering - Arthur Eugene Fitzgerald, David E. Higginbotham, Arvin Grabel (5^th Edition, ISBN-10: 007021154X or ISBN-13: 978-0070211544)
3. Schaum’s Outline of Electric Circuits - Mahmood Nahvi, Joseph Edminister (6^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0071830456 or ISBN-13: 978-0071830454)
4. Fundamentals of Electric Circuits - Matthew Sadiku, Charles Alexander (5^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0073380571 or ISBN-13: 978-0073380575)
5. Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis - J. David Irwin, R. Mark Nelms (9^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0470128690 or ISBN-13: 978-0470128695)
6. Electric Circuits - James W. Nilsson, Susan Riedel (9^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0136114997 or ISBN-13: 978-0136114994)
7. The Analysis and Design of Linear Circuits - Roland E. Thomas, Albert J. Rosa, Gregory J. Toussaint (7^th Edition, ISBN-10: 1118065581 or ISBN-13: 978-1118065587)

Brief introduction of matrices, types of matrices, introduction to elementary row operations, echelon and reduced echelon forms, rank of a matrix, inverse of a matrix using elementary row operations.

System of non-homogeneous and homogeneous linear equations, gaussian elimination method, gauss jordan method, consistence criterion for solution of homogeneous and non-homogeneous system of linear equations, application of system of linear equations.

Introduction to determinants, properties of determinants of order n, rank of a matrix by using determinants.

Introduction, coordinates in R3

Coordination of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio, straight line, in R3, vector form of a straight line, parametric equations of a straight line, equation of a straight line in symmetric form, direction ratios and direction cosines, angle between two straight lines, distance of a point from a line.

Equation of a plane, angle between two planes, intersection of two planes, a plane and a straight line, skew lines, cylindrical and spherical coordinates.

General equation of sphere, latitude and longitude directions, direction of Qibla.

Evaluation of double and triple integrals in cartesian and polar coordinates.

1. Brief Calculus and its Applications - Daniel Dale Benice (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0395824648 or ISBN-13: 978-0395824641)
2. Applied Calculus with Linear Programming for Business, Economics, Life Sciences and Social Sciences - Raymond A. Barnett (5^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0536024499 or ISBN-13: 978-0536024497)
3. Calculus with Analytical Geometry - S. M. Yousuf, Muhammad Amin (7^th Edition)
4. Mathematical Methods - S. M. Yousuf, Abdul Majeed, Muhammad Amin (2^nd Edition)

• Gain calculation – system analysis, single stage BJT and FET amplifier, frequency response.

• Input and output impedance, real and apparent gain, amplifier loading, impedance matching of amplifiers.

• Classes of power amplifiers, series-fed class A amplifiers, power efficiency and dissipation, harmonic distortion, single-ended class A amplifiers, transformer-coupled push-pull amplifiers, other pushpull amplifiers, complementary symmetry amplifiers.

• Single tuned amplifiers, coupling of tuned amplifiers, double tuned amplifiers, stagger tuned amplifiers.

• General feedback concepts, voltage feedback amplifiers, current feedback amplifiers, effect of feedback on frequency response, series and shunt feedback amplifiers, effect of feedback on non-linear distortion and noise.

• Design and analysis of high frequency amplifiers using S-plane technique.

• The multi-stage amplifier at mid-frequencies, approximation for low and high frequencies.

• Basics, mathematical operations, practical considerations, differentiators and integrators, single supply biasing and norton amplifiers, analysis of op-amp action, op-amp specifications: interpreting op-amp data sheet, offset voltage and current, temperature rating, output swing, CMRR, slew rate.
• Precision rectifiers, peak detectors, comparators, clampers, sample and hold circuit, digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters.

• Hartley oscillators, colpitt oscillators, RC phase shift oscillators, wein-bridge oscillators, crystal oscillators based on BJT and FET.

1. Basic Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Systems - Michael M. Cirovic (2^nd ISBN-10: 0835903702 or ISBN-13: 978-0835903707)
2. Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design - William H. Hayt, Gerold W. Neudeck (2^nd Edition ISBN-10: 0471125016 or ISBN-13: 978-0471125013)
3. Electronics Fundamentals: Circuits, Devices and Applications - Thomas L. Floyd, David M. Buchla (8^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0135072956 or ISBN-13: 978-0135072950)
4. Basic Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits - Thomas L. Floyd, David M. Buchla(2^nd Edition,ISBN-10: 0130829870 or ISBN-13: 978-0130829870)
5. Microelectronic Circuit Design - Richard Jaeger, Travis Blalock(4^th Edition,ISBN-10: 0073380458 or ISBN-13: 978-0073380452)

1. Electronic Principles: Physics, Models and Circuits - Paul E. Gray, Campbell L. Searle (1^st ISBN-10: 0471323985 or ISBN-13: 978-0471323983)
2. Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits: Electron Flow Version - Robert T. Paynter (7^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0131716395 or ISBN-13: 978-0131716391)
3. Operational Amplifiers - George Clayton, Steve Winder (4^th Edition,ISBN-10: 0750646438 or ISBN-13: 978-0750646437)
4. Electronic Devices (Conventional Current Version) - Thomas L. Floyd (9^th Edition,ISBN-10: 0132549867 or ISBN-13: 978-0132549868)
5. Microelectronic Circuits - Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith (7^th Edition,ISBN-10: 0199339139 or ISBN-13: 978-0199339136)
6. Burr-Brown IC Data Book - 1994 - Data Conversion Products - Burr-Brown Corp (1^st Edition)

Introduction to engineering management, management and its characteristics.

Electric current, electric charge, coulomb’s law, electric field intensity and electric potential, capacitors and charge storage concepts.

Defining project management, its objectives and basic functions, project identification, project life cycle and project stakeholders, managerial levels, roles and skills, effective goal setting, management by objectives.

Types and tools for planning, WBS, examples and class exercise, activity on node (AON), critical path method (CPM), examples and class exercise, introduction to precedence diagram method (PDM), PDM relationships (SS, FS, FF, SF), examples and class exercise, crashing network techniques, program evaluation and review techniques (PERT), examples and class exercise.

Time value of money, simple and compound interest, cash flow diagrams, discounting, depreciation and break even analysis, methods of economic comparisons for project selection, comparisons of assets and internal rate of return benefit/cost analysis and cost effectiveness analysis

Evolution of management thought in changing environment, management ethical and social responsibilities, risk management, strategic human resources planning, recruitment, selection, orientation, training and development, career development, motivation, leadership, reward and compensation, discipline and counseling, benefits, health, communication programs, labour relations, collective bargaining.

1. Human Resource Management - Leon C. Megginson, Geralyn McClure Franklin, M. Jane Byrd (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 087393377X or ISBN-13: 978-0873933773)
2. Principles of Engineering Economy - Eugene L. Grant, W. Grant Ireson, Richard S. Leavenworth (8^th Edition, ISBN-10: 047163526X or ISBN-13: 978-0471635260)

Review of number systems, binary numbers, hexadecimal numbers, octal numbers, decimal to binary and binary to decimal number conversion, hexadecimal to binary and binary to hexadecimal conversion, binary coded decimal numbers, grey code, binary to grey and grey to binary number conversion, parity in codes.

Review of digital electronics, logic, events and binary variables, introduction to fundamental boolean operations, NOT, OR, AND operation and truth tables, other boolean operations as XOR, NOR, NAND, XNOR, truth tables, boolean algebra, boolean expressions, boolean rules, demorgan’s theorems, two’s complement of a binary number.

Introduction to digital logic gates, symbols of logic gates, positive logic, negative logic, implementing simple Boolean expressions with logic gates, concept of universal gate, NAND gate as a universal gate, NOR gate as a universal gate.

Reducing an expression using boolean rules, introduction to Karnaugh map, reducing an expression using Karnaugh-map, implementing logic circuits using universal gate, deriving SOP and POS expressions directly from K-map, few examples with K-map, hazzard free design.

Few examples of combinational logic circuits including half adder, full adder, parallel adder, parallel adder subtractor, deriving sum-of-products (SOP) and product-of-sums (POS) expressions from a truth table, logic comparators, encoders, decoders, multiplexers, de-multiplexers

Flip-flop (RS, JK, D, T, Master-Slave), registers, shift registers, counters

Classification of sequential machines, concept of pulse and level digital signal, understanding word statement and its key words, state diagram, state table, flow table.

Assigning states to the state table of a pulse input machine, assigning states to the state table of a level input synchronous machine, assigning states to a level input asynchronous machine, races in an asynchronous level machine, introducing cycles to eliminate races, obtaining transition table for pulse input machine, synchronous level input machine.

Basic logic gates; simulation and hardware implementation of combinational circuits such as MUX/DeMUX, encoder/decoder; simulation and hardware implementation of sequential circuits such as flip-flops, registers, shift registers, counters; project solving a real-life problem.

1. Digital Electronics: Principles and Applications - Roger L. Tokheim (7^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0073126349 or ISBN-13: 978-0073126340)
2. PDigital Fundamentals - Thomas L. Floyd (11^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0132737965 or ISBN-13: 978-0132737968)
3. Digital Systems: Principles and Applications - Ronald J. Tocci, Neal Widmer, Greg Moss (11^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0131989243 or ISBN-10: 0135103827 or ISBN-13: 978-0135103821)
4. Digital Design - M. Morris R. Mano, Michael D. Ciletti (4^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0131989243 or ISBN-13: 978-0131989245)
5. Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals - M. Morris R. Mano, Charles R. Kime, Tom Martin (5^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0133760634 or ISBN-13: 978-0133760637)

1. Digital Integrated Electronics - Herbert Taub, Donald L. Schilling (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0070857881 or ISBN-13: 978-0070857889)
2. Digital Electronics: A Practical Approach - William Kleitz (6^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0130896292 or ISBN-13: 978-0130896292)
3. Analog and Digital Circuit Design - Shahzad Mahmood (1^st Edition)
4. Switching Circuits for Engineers (Electrical Engineering) - Mitchell P. Marcus (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 0138799083 or ISBN-13: 978-0138799083)

Introduction, formation and solution of first order, first degree differential equations.

Homogeneous linear equations of order n with constants coefficients, solutions of higher order differential equations according to the roots of auxiliary equation, non-homogeneous linear equations, cauchy euler equation, method of variations of parameters, applications of higher order linear differential equations.

Solution of laplace equation, wave equation and equation by variable separable method, heat equation (simple case)

Fourier coefficients, convergence of fourier series, fourier series of odd and even functions.

1. Introductory Course in Differential Equations for Students in Classical and Engineering Colleges - Daniel Alexander Murray (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 1418181536 or ISBN-13: 978-1418181536)
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics - H. K. Dass (20^th Edition, ISBN-10: 8121903459 or ISBN-13: 978-8121903455)
3. Higher Engineering Mathematics - B. S. Grewal (40^th Edition,ISBN-10: 8174091157 or ISBN-13: 978-8174091154)
4. Mathematical Methods - S. M. Yousuf, Abdul Majeed, Muhammad Amin (2^nd Edition)
5. Ordinary Differential Equations with Numerical Techniques - John L. Van Iwaarden (1^st Edition,ISBN-10: 0155675508 or ISBN-13: 978-0155675506)
6. Advanced Engineering Mathematics - Erwin Kreyszig (8^th Edition,ISBN-10: 0471154962 or ISBN-13: 978-0471154969)

Communication principles, the process of communication, importance of good communication skills in business environment, communication in business organizations (internal-operational, externaloperational,personal, challenge of communication in the global market).

Brain storming, time-management, effective reading strategies, note-taking, organization, summarizing.

Context, sender-encoder, message, medium, receiver-decoder, feedback.

Appearance and dress codes, body language-silence-time-space, importance of listening in communication

Defining factors in everyday communication (in business organization, in social exchanges), roleplay/speaking activities.

Difference between speaking and writing, reading texts of good public speeches and analysis of their components, listening to famous public speeches, exercises in public speaking

Difference between informal and formal presentations, modes of formal presentations (extemporaneous,prepared, reading out from a written text, combination of the above mentioned), purpose of oral presentations (entertain, persuade, inform, sell), mechanics of presentations (organization, preparation including avas, rehearse, present), teacher shall model presentations both, with and without avas.

Punctuation, grammar: some basic principles, error correcting exercises.

Systematic approach to effective written communication (language, style, tone, organization), practice of written communication for a variety of situations.

1. Effective Business Communications - Herta A. Murphy, Herbert W. Hildebrandt, Jane P. Thomas (7^th Edition, ISBN-10: 007044398X or ISBN-13: 978-0070443983)
2. Ultimate Cover Letters - Martin John Yate (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 0749464054 or ISBN-13: 978-0749464059)
3. The Ultimate Job Search Letters Book: Write a Perfect Letter and Get That Job - Martin John Yate (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0749440694 or ISBN-13: 978-0749440695)
4. Career Roadmap Guide for Engineers (A One Stop Solution for All Engineering Professionals) - Junaid Shaikh (1^st ISBN-13: 978-9699526008)

I. Introduction to microprocessors, instruction set architecture (ISA), assembly language programming, hardware model, read/write cycles, exception/interrupt processing, memory systems, I/O devices,DMA, interfacing to memory and I/O devices, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters

II. Introduction to microcontrollers, application, basic core architecture, pin configuration, microcontroller instruction set and programming, handling of timers, counter, ADC, interrupts, introduction to PIC microcontrollers

III. Introduction to communication protocols, serial communication (RS-232 protocol, SPI, I2C), interfacing of devices including ADC 0804 and ADC 0808, DAC, LCD

Study of microprocessor ISA using its training boards, implementation of interfacing techniques (using gates, decoders, and SPLDs) to memory system and different I/O devices, learning and implementation of interrupt driven I/O, learning and implementation of simple microcontroller based circuits and semester mini projects (interfacing of sensors, LCD, keypad, stepper motor).

1. The Intel Microprocessors: 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro Processor, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4 and Core2 with 64 bit Extensions - Barry B. Brey (8^th Edition, ISBN-10: 8131795411 or ISBN-13: 978-8131795415)
2. Microprocessors and Interfacing: Programming and Hardware - Douglas V. Hall (2^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0070257426 or ISBN-13: 978-0070257429)
3. PIC Microcontroller: An Introduction to Software and Hardware Interfacing - Han-Way Huang, Leo Chartrand (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 1401839673 or ISBN-13: 978-1401839673)
4. Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Microprocessor Fundamentals - Roger L. Tokheim (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0070649995 or ISBN-13: 978-0070649996)
5. Microprocessors: Principles and Applications - Charles M. Gilmore (2^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0028018370 or ISBN-13: 978-0028018379)

1. The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems - Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice G. Mazidi, Rolin D. McKinlay (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 013119402X or ISBN-13: 978-0131194021)
2. AVR Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Using Assembly and C - Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Sarmad Naimi, Sepehr Naimi (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0138003319 or ISBN-13: 978-0138003319)
3. Embedded Systems: Introduction to Arm Cortex-M Microcontrollers - Jonathan W. Valvano (5^th Edition ISBN-10: 1477508996 or ISBN-13: 978-1477508992)
4. Embedded Systems: Real-Time Interfacing to Arm Cortex-M Microcontrollers - Jonathan W. Valvano (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 1463590156 or ISBN-13: 978-1463590154)

• Block diagram of a communication system, types of communication systems, modes of communication (simplex, half duplex, full duplex), transmission mediums, bandwidth, data rate, throughput, signals, baseband and passband signals, noise, attenuation, distortion, noise sources, signal-to noise ratio (SNR), noise factor and noise figure.

• Modulation, information and carrier signals, need of modulation, amplitude modulation and demodulation, AM equation, modulation index, power and spectrum of AM, single sideband (SSB), double sideband (DSB), vestigal sideband (VSB), AM bandwidth, AM circuit
• - Angle (Exponential) Modulation Techniques: frequency modulation and demodulation, FM equation, modulation index, sidebands, spectra and bandwidth of FM, FM circuit, narrowband and wideband FM, pre-emphasis and de-emphasis circuits, direct and indirect FM, noise immunity and capture effect in FM, phase modulation and demodulation, PM equation, modulation index, PM circuit

• Analog-to-digital conversion, pulse code modulation (sampling using nyquist theorem, uniform and non-uniform quantization, encoding), pulse code modulation companding (A-law/μ-law), PCM bandwidth, differential PCM, delta modulation
• - Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM), pulse-width modulation (PWM), pulse-position modulation (PPM)

• Information content of a message, entropy and entropy rate, channel capacity, impact of SNR on the capacity of a channel, hartley-shanon theorem, huffmann coding.

• Signal element, data element, data rate, signal rate (baud rate), relationship between signal rate and bandwidth
• Baseline wandering, DC components, self-synchronization
• Unipolar (NRZ), polar (manchester and differential manchester), bipolar (AMI and CMI)

• Bipolar with 8-zero substitution (B8ZS), high-density bipolar 3-zero (HDB3)

• Vertical and horizontal redundancy checking, cyclic redundancy checking (CRC)

• Multiplexing principles, multiplexer (MUX), demultiplexer (DEMUX), concept of link and channel, Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), FDM block diagram, and related Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM)
• Time-division multiplexing (TDM), synchronous TDM, statistical TDM
• Difference between multiplexing and duplexing
• Multiple Access Techniques: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA

• Differentiating analog and digital communication systems
• Analog modulation techniques
• - Amplitude modulation using LD trainer, double sideband suppressed carrier, single sideband residualcarrier, single sideband suppressed carrier, amplitude demodulation
• Frequency modulation and demodulation
• Phase modulation and demodulation
• Pulse modulation using EV trainer
• Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential PCM, and delta modulation

1. Principles of Electronic Communication Systems - Louis E. Frenzel Jr. (4^th ISBN-13: 978-0-07-337385-0)
2. Electronic Communications System: Fundamentals Through Advanced - Wayne Tomasi (5^th Edition ISBN-13: 978-0-13-049492-4)
3. Telecommunications - Warren Hioki (4^th Edition, ISBN-10: 013020031X or ISBN-13: 978-0130200310)
4. Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems - B. P. Lathi, Zhi Ding (4^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0195331451 or ISBN-13: 978-0195331455)
5. Digital Communications - Ian A. Glover, Peter M. Grant (3^rd Edition,ISBN-10: 0273718304 or ISBN-13: 978-0273718307)
6. Communication Systems - Simon Haykin, Michael Moher (5^th Edition,ISBN-10: 8126521511 or ISBN-13: 978-8126521517)

1. Electromagnetics for Engineers - Fawwaz T. Ulaby (1^st ISBN-10: 0131497243 or ISBN-13: 978-0131497245)
2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems - Edward Conrad Jordan, Keith George Balmain (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 8120300548 or ISBN-13: 978-8120300545)
3. Electromagnetic Concepts and Applications - Richard E. Dubroff, S. V. Marshall, G. G. Skitek (4^th Edition,ISBN-10: 0133011518 or ISBN-13: 978-0133011517)

Maxwell’s equations for free space and conducting medium, influence of medium on the field, electromagnetic waves and general wave equation, the speed of light, polarization.

Overview of transmission line parameters related to antenna design and performance (reflection mechanisms, VSWR, transmission and return losses), antenna fundamentals: (types of antennas, radiation mechanism)

Overview of plane and solid angles, near-field, far-field regions, polarization, radiation pattern, performance oriented antenna parameters (radiated power, directivity, gain, efficiency, radiation resistance and input impedance), dipole, monopole antennas, loop antennas, traveling wave antennas (long wire, V and rhombic antennas), broadband antennas, helical, yagi-uda, log-periodic antennas, aperture antennas-horn and dish reflector antennas, microstrip antennas, rectangular, circular microstrip patch antennas,

Properties of receiving antennas: reciprocity, effective antenna area and radar cross section.

Antenna arrays: expression for electric field from two and three element arrays, uniform linear array, method of pattern multiplication, binomial array, use of method of images for antennas above ground.

Radio/plane-wave propagation: review of waves and phasors, time-harmonic fields, plane-wave propagation in lossless/conducting/free-space media, wave polarization, effects of ground and atmosphere on propagation, basic propagation modes, free space, ground reflection and diffraction, ground wave propagation, sky wave propagation, atmospheric effects on radio wave propagation, space (terrestrial) wave propagation.

Introduction about the antenna characteristics: basic antenna parameters, patterns, beam area, radiation intensity, beam efficiency, diversity and gain, antenna apertures, effective height, bandwidth, radiation, efficiency, antenna temperature and antenna filed zones.

Antenna modeling and analysis: conical horn antenna, slot coupled patch antenna, dipole antenna,helical antenna, yagi-uda array, log periodic antenna, antenna for special applications – sleeve antenna, turnstile antenna, omni directional antennas, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna, satellite antennas for ground penetrating RADAR’s, embedded antennas, ultra-wide band antennas, liquid metal alloy based antenna, plasma antenna.

Antenna measurements: scattering parameters, VSWR, return loss, insertion loss, radiation pattern measurement, gain and directivity measurements, anechoic chamber measurement.

Simulation of Maxwell equations: wave equation for lossy and lossless media.

Antenna modeling and analysis using HFSS/MATLAB.

1. Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design - Constantine A. Balanis (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 8126524227 or ISBN-13: 978-8126524228)
2. Essentials of Radio Wave Propagation - Christopher Haslett (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 052187565X or ISBN-13: 978-0521875653)
3. The Mobile Radio Propagation Channel - John David Parsons (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 047198857X or ISBN-13: 978-0471988571)
4. Antenna Theory and Design - Warren L. Stutzman, Gary A. Thiele (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 0470576642 or ISBN-13: 978-0470576649)
5. Antennas and Radiowave Propagation - Robert E. Collin (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0070118086 or ISBN-13: 978-0070118089)
6. Antennas - John D. Kraus, Ronald J. Marhefka (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 007123201X or ISBN-13: 978-0071232012)

• Introduction to probability, axiomatic approach, distribution function and density function of random variables, examples of distribution and density functions, conditional and joint distribution, functions of random variables, central-limit theorem, expected value, moments, variance, mean, auto correlation, auto covariance.

• Stationary process, wide sense stationary process, transformation of stochastic processes, correlation and power spectral density (PSD) of a linear system.

• Thermal noise, band-limited processes, introduction to linear mean square estimation (LMSE) and filtering problems.

• Noise representation, signal to noise ratio for F.M., A.M., P.M. and digital modulation schemes, shot noise, white noise, noise figure and noise temperature.

1. Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers - Douglas C. Montgomery, George C. Runger (6^th Edition, ISBN-10: 1118539710 or ISBN-13: 978-1118539712)
2. Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists - Ronald E. Walpole, Raymond H. Myers, Sharon L. Myers, Keying E. Ye (9^th Edition, ISBN-10: 9332519080 or ISBN-13: 978-9332519084)
3. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes - Athanasios Papoulis, S. Unnikrishna Pillai (4^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0071226613 or ISBN-13: 978-0071226615)
4. Probability and Random Processes - W. Davenport (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0070154406 or ISBN-13: 978-0070154407)
5. Information Transmission, Modulation and Noise - M. Schwartz (4^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0071009310 or ISBN-13: 978-0071009317)
6. Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems - B. P. Lathi, Zhi Ding(4^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0195331451 or ISBN-13: 978-0195331455)
7. Digital and Analog Communication Systems - Leon W. Couch(8^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0132915383 or ISBN-13: 978-0132915380)

• Introduction, floating points, errors, types of errors.

• Bisection method, regula-falsi method, newton-raphson method, fixed-point iterative method.

• Iterative methods: jaccobi’s method, guass-seidal method.

• Power method

• Differences: forward, backward, central, operators and their relations, newton’s forward interpolation formula, newton’s backward interpolation formula, newton’s divided difference formula, lagrange’s interpolation formula, stirling’s formula.

• Newton’s forward and backward differentiation formulae.

• Trapezoidal rule, simpson’s one-third (1/3) rule, simpson’s three-eighth (3/8) rule, weddle’s rule, gaussian quadrature.

• Taylor series method, Euler’s and its modified methods, runge-kutta (RK) method, predictor corrector methods, miline’s method, adam-bashforth method.
Recommended Books
1. Numerical Methods for Engineers - Steven Chapra, Raymond Canale (7^th Edition,ISBN-10: 007339792X or ISBN-13: 978-0073397924)
2. Applied Numerical Analysis - Curtis F. Gerald, Patrick O. Wheatley (7^th Edition,ISBN-10: 0321133048 or ISBN-13: 978-0321133045)
3. Advanced Engineering Mathematics - Erwin Kreyszig (10^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0470458364 or ISBN-13: 978-0470458365)
4. Ordinary Differential Equations with Numerical Techniques - John L. Van Iwaarden (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0155675508 or ISBN-13: 978-0155675506)
5. A First Course in Numerical Analysis with C++ - Saeed Akhter Bhatti, Naeem Akhter Bhatti (5^th Edition)

• Review of discrete-time signals and systems along with their representation, analogue-to-digital conversion, uniform sampling theorem, quantisation and its effects, coding of quantized samples, quantisation noise to signal ratio, digital-to-analog conversion, analysis of digital signals and systems versus discrete-time signals and systems.

• Characterization of a discrete-time system using difference equation and pulse transfer function, signal energy and signal power of a DT signal, convolution sum and its use in DT systems, correlation, and normalized correlation, the concept of self-similarity and autocorrelation, using autocorrelation for timing recovery.

• Discrete-Time fourier transform, periodicity of DTFT and the proof of nyquist theorem, discrete fourier transform (DFT), properties of DFT, introduction to fast fourier transform (radix-2, decimation in time, decimation in frequency), magnitude and phase response using DFT.

• Z-transform for the analyses of discrete-time systems, inverse Z-transform, solution of difference equations using Z-transforms, obtaining the pulse transfer function from the difference equation, pole-zero maps in the Z-domain, stability of discrete-time systems

• Concepts of FIR and IIR digital systems, design of digital filters using discrete-time fourier transform.
• - window method, introduction to window functions, comparison of the properties of the window functions.

• Stationary and non-stationary signals, estimating energy density spectrum of non-stationary signals using window functions, advantages and disadvantages of the window functions in terms of spectral resolution and leakage, periodogram or power density spectrum.
VII. Multi-rate Digital Signal Processing
• Advantages for multi-rate digital signal processing, decimation, interpolation, sampling rate conversion by a rational factor, applications for multi-rate signal processing in telecommunication engineering.

Lab Outline

Laboratory experiments are designed to train the students to perform signal processing concepts and digital filters designing using Matlab and DSP trainer kit.
• MATLAB: sampling and quantisation of signals, implementation and interpretation of convolution, correlation algorithms, frequency-domain analyses of discrete-time signals and systems, discrete fourier transform (DFT), design of FIR filters using window method, power spectrum estimation of signals, introduction to multirate signal processing.
• TI DSP 320TMSC6713: introduction to TI 320TMSC6713 DSP starter kit and code composer studio,implementation of mathematical equations on the DSK, import/export of data to/from DSK, digital direct synthesis.
Recommended Books
1. Discrete-Time Signal Processing - Alan V. Oppenheim, Ronald W. Schafer (3^rd ISBN-10: 0131988425 or ISBN-13: 978-0131988422)
2. Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Approach - Emmanuel Ifeachor, Barrie Jervis (2^nd Edition ISBN-10: 0201596199 or ISBN-13: 978-0201596199)
3. Digital Signal Processing - John G. Proakis, Dimitris K Manolakis (4^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0131873741 or ISBN-13: 978-0131873742)
4. Understanding Digital Signal Processing - Richard G. Lyons(3^rd Edition,ISBN-10: 0137027419 or ISBN-13: 978-0137027415)

- Review of basic concepts such as Hartley’s and Shannon’s law, signal transmission through linear systems, bandwidth of digital data, binary symmetric channels, binary channels, binary eraser channel, memoryless channels, detection of binary signals in white gaussian noise, maximum likely hood receiver structure, matched filter, inter-symbol interference (ISI), equalization .

Introduction of binary modulation schemes (FSK, PSK and ASK), FSK transmitter and receiver, bandwidth considerations of FSK, Minimum shift-keying FSK (MSK), binary phase shift keying (BPSK), BPSK transmitter and receiver, bandwidth considerations of BPSK, performance (bandwidth and power) of binary modulation schemes in AWGN channels, differential BPSK, constellation diagrams, eye diagrams

M-ary modulation techniques (M-ary PSK, Ma-ary FSK and M-ary ASK) and their performance evaluations in AWGN channels

Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), 8/16-QAM transmitter and receiver, bandwidth considerations of 8/16-QAM

Bandwidth efficient modulation schemes (QPSK and its variants, GMSK etc.)

Clock recovery, performance comparison of modulation schemes in band-limited channels, probability of error and bit error rate

Introduction to source coding and channel coding, error control coding techniques, forward error correction coding (hamming code), linear codes, block codes, cyclic codes, convolutional codes and turbo codes, performance of these codes in AWGN channels.

Following the theoretical guidelines, perform practical sessions for various modulation schemes on trainers and software. A design example to carry out performance comparisons of various modulation schemes based on error rate calculation and/or PSD plots. Demonstration of coding schemes using software tools.

1. Digital Communications - John Proakis, Masoud Salehi (5^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0072957166 or ISBN-13: 978-0072957167)
2. Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications - Bernard Sklar(2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0130847887 or ISBN-13: 978-0130847881)
3. Digital Communication Techniques: Signal Design and Detection - Marvin K. Simon, Sami M. Hinedi, William C. Lindsey (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0132006103 or ISBN-13: 978-0132006101)
4. Digital and Analog Communication Systems - Leon W. Couch (8^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0132915383 or ISBN-13: 978-0132915380)
5. Digital Communication Systems - Simon Haykin (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0471647357 or ISBN-13: 978-0471647355)

• - Historical background, the nature of light, basic laws and properties of light, units of measuring light (radiometric and photometric units).

• - Light sources, emission and absorption of radiation, the einstein relation, light emission in semiconductor, stimulation emission in semiconductors, lasing conditions in semiconductors, population inversion, electrical and optical bandwidth.

• Laser operation and basic concept, optical feedback, pumping, population inversion, semiconductors laser diodes (SLDs), types of semiconductor laser diodes, spectral and output characteristics, threshold condition, laser losses, laser modes, classes of lasers, single mode operation, stripe geometry, efficiency of lasers, laser rate equations.

• Types of light emitting diodes (LEDs), LED power and efficiency, spectral characteristics, modulation capabilities

• Photo detection in semiconductors, quantum efficiency, responsivity, long wavelength cutoff, semiconductor photodiodes without internal gain, PIN photodiodes, avalanche photodiodes (APDs), photodetector noise considerations, phototransistors.

• Intensity modulation and direct detection modulation (IM/DD), SLD drive circuits, LED drive circuit, optical receivers design, receiver noise.

• Basics of optoelectronics, measuring characteristics of optical sources (LED and LASER), measuring characteristics of optical detector (PN, PIN and APD), overview of optical source meter and optical power meter, field optical spectrum analyzer, experiments on optiwave’s OptiSystem software.

1. Optoelectronics - Endel Uiga (1^st ISBN-10: 0024221708 or ISBN-13: 978-0024221704)
2. Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice - John Senior (3^rd Edition ISBN-10: 013032681X or ISBN-13: 978-0130326812)
3. Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Rajiv Ramaswami, Kumar Sivarajan, Galen Sasaki (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 0123740924 or ISBN-13: 978-0123740922)

• Microwave definition, microwave frequencies, and properties of microwaves.
• Review of basic electromagnetic concepts, industry and research applications of microwave engineering.

• General description of waves on transmission line, E-waves, H-waves, group velocity, phase velocity.
• Review of standing waves, VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio), reflections in transmission lines.
• Lumped element model, transmission line equation, impedance /admittance relationship of transmission line, wave propagation in lossy/lossless/special cases of lossless transmission lines, calculation of attenuation constant, phase constant and propagation constant.

• Z and Y parameters analysis, ABCD and S representation of microwave networks, transmission lines, discontinuities and S-parameters, smith chart analyzing rules, mathematical construction of smith chart, using smith chart to solve problems related to impedance matching of microwave devices (matching networks problems) and find the transmission line length.

• Type of waveguides, cylindrical wave-guide, elliptical wave-guides, modes in waveguide TM, TE, TEM modes of propagation
• - Rectangular wave-guide, general design equations, problems on rectangular wave guide, propagation characteristic wave-guide
• Microwave filters, power combiners, power dividers, microwave couplers, isolators and mixers, applications of couplers in microwave devices.

• Principles and operation of one cavity and two cavity klystrons, multicavity Klystron
• Microwave Tubes: high frequency limitations of conventional microwave tubes, bunching and velocity modulation, travelling wave tubes, backward wave oscillator, microwave solid state devices, varactor diode, PIN diode, GUNN diode and IMPATT diode

• Introduction to electronic warfare, smart technologies such as smart antennas, advanced reconfigurable and flexible electronic technologies.
• Planar circuit technologies: microstrip transmission lines and MMIC’s, applications of printed antennas in RADAR and beam forming systems.

• - Practical demonstration of wave propagation, measurement of standing wave ratio and frequency in the guided structure, understanding the phenomenon of reflection from matched/unmatched load conditions, using trainer and through simulation using numerical electromagnetic software (Microwave Office, HFSS, CST etc.).
• - Practical demonstration of antennas (various types), measurement of antenna gain and reflection parameters, calculation of return loss, smith chart evaluations and S-parameter understanding using Vector Network Analyzer.

1. Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design - Constantine A. Balanis (3^rd ISBN-10: 047166782X or ISBN-13: 978-0471667827)
2. Foundations for Microwave Engineering - Robert E. Collin (2^nd Edition ISBN-10: 0070118116 or ISBN-13: 978-0070118119)
3. Microwave Theory and Applications - Stephen F. Adam (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 013581488X or ISBN-13: 978-0135814888)
4. Microwave Engineering - David M. Pozar(4^th Edition,ISBN-10: 0470631554 or ISBN-13: 978-0470631553)

• Communication Model, Nodes, Links, Protocol, Network Edge (Client, Server).
• Network Fundamentals, Types of Networks (LAN, MAN, WAN), Network Topologies (Bus, Star, Tree, Ring, Mesh), Logical versus Physical Topology
• Network Interface Controller, Repeaters, Hubs, Bridges, Switches, Routers, Gateway
• Access Networks, Core Networks, Internet, Intranet
• Concept of Packet, Packet Forwarding/Switching, Store-and-Forward Transmission
• Transmission Delay, Propagation Delay, Queueing Delay

• Coaxial (10Base-2, 10Base-5), Coaxial Cable Connectors
• Ethernet (10Base-T, 100Base-TX, 100Base-T), Twisted-Pair Connectors
• Fiber Optic (10Base-F, 100Base-FX, 1000Base-LX, 1000Base-SX), Fiber-Optic Connectors
• Serial (RS-232, RS-422)

• Layered Models (TCP/IP, OSI), Encapsulation/Decapsulation

• Services Provided by the Link Layer
• Error-Detection and -Correction Techniques (Parity Checks, Checksumming Methods)
• Multiple Access Links and Protocols
• Channel Partitioning Protocols (FDM, TDM)
• Random Access Protocols (Slotted ALOHA, Pure ALOHA, CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA)
• Taking-Turns Protocols (Polling Protocol, Token-Passing Protocol)
• Switched Local Area Networks (Collision Domain, ICMP, ARP)
• Self-learning of Switch Table
• Properties of Link-Layer Switching
• Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
• Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs)

• Frame Formats (Ethernet II versus IEEE 802.3)
• Media Access Control (MAC) Addressing
• Frame Forwarding and Filtering (Unicast, Broadcast, Multicast)
• Frame Processing (Source MAC, Destination MAC, Type Field, Data, FCS)

• IP Packet Header
• IP Addressing (Network Part, Host Part)
• Network Address, Broadcast Address, IP Address Classes (A,B,C,D,E), Subnet Mask, VLSM
• IP Addressing Limitations
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

• Forwarding and Routing
• Virtual Circuit and Datagram Networks
• IP Routing Table, Routing Decision (Preference, Metric)
• Static Routing (Application, Behaviour, Limitations)
• Routing Algorithms (Distance-Vector Routing Algorithm, Link-State Routing Algorithm)
• Dijkstra’s Algorithm

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), TCP Ports, TCP Header, TCP Connection Establishment/Termination, Go-Back-N (GBN), Selective Repeat (SR)
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP), UDP Datagram Format, UDP Forwarding Behaviour
• Principles of Congestion Control, TCP Congestion Control (Slow Start, Congestion Avoidance, Fast Recovery)

• The Web and HTTP, HTTP Message Format, Cookies
• File Transfer: FTP
• Overview of How DNS Works

1. Cables, Connectors, NIC
2. Repeaters, Hubs, Bridges, Switches, Routers, Gateway
3. Building Basic IP Network
4. Configuring STP
5. Configuring Static Routes and Default Routes
6. Configuring RIPv1 and RIPv2
7. Configuring OSPF Single Area
8. Implementing DHCP

1. Data and Computer Communications - William Stallings (7^th ISBN-10: 0131006819 or ISBN-13: 978-0131006812)
2. Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach - James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross (6^th Edition ISBN-10: 0132856204 or ISBN-13: 978-0132856201)
3. Computer Networks - Andrew S. Tanenbaum, David J. Wetherall (5^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0132126958 or ISBN-13: 978-0132126953)
4. Computer Networks and Internets - Douglas E. Comer (6^th Edition ISBN-10: 0133587932 or ISBN-13: 978-0133587937)
5. Cisco CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-101 Official Cert Guide - Wendell Odom (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 1587143852 or ISBN-13: 978-1587143854)
6. Cisco CCNA Routing and Switching ICND2 200-101 Official Cert Guide - Wendell Odom (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 1587143739 or ISBN-13: 978-1587143731)

• Text analysis, critical thinking, skimming, scanning and detailed reading

• Academic writing/technical report writing drafting letters with different types of messages with different registers and purposes, prepare CV’s and covering letters according to job requirement

• Listening comprehension formal and informal lectures and presentations, take notes and collect specific information

• Speaking in real life situations, conversational strategies, elements of public speaking: giving lectures and presentation on specific topics, ask questions and explain point of view in discussions (demonstrate turn taking technique)

1. Axelrod & Cooper’s Concise Guide to Writing - Rise B. Axelrod, Charles R. Cooper (6^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0312668902 or ISBN-13: 978-0312668907)
2. English for Business: A Functional Approach - Joseph Chilver (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 1858050634 or ISBN-13: 978-1858050638)
3. Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam - Zahid Hussain (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0067008127 or ISBN-13: 978-0067008126)
4. Writing: Advanced - Ron White (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0194534073 or ISBN-13: 978-0194534079)
5. College Writing Skills with Readings - John Langan(9^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0078036275 or ISBN-13: 978-0078036279)
6. Patterns for College Writing: A Rhetorical Reader and Guide - Laurie G. Kirszner, Stephen R. Mandell (13^th Edition,ISBN-10: 1457666529 or ISBN-13: 978-1457666520)
7. Mercury Reader - A Custom Publication - Janice Neuleib, Kathleen Shine Cain, Stephen Ruffus (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 1256182192 or ISBN-13: 978-1256182191)
8. Effective Business Communications - Herta A. Murphy, Herbert W. Hildebrandt, Jane P. Thomas (7^th Edition, ISBN-10: 007044398X or ISBN-13: 978-0070443983)
9. Ultimate Cover Letters - Martin John Yate (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 0749464054 or ISBN-13: 978-0749464059)

• History of optical communication, elements of optical fiber communication (OFC) transmission link, evolution of fiber optic system, advantages of OFC system.

• Optical fiber waveguide, Ray theory transmission, electromagnetic mode theory for optical propagation, cylindrical fibers, single mode fiber, multimode fibers, step index fibers, graded index fibers,single mode/multimode fiber transmission characteristics.

• Attenuation, absorption losses (intrinsic and extrinsic), scattering losses, fiber bend loss, linear scattering losses (Rayleigh and Mir scattering), non-linear scattering losses (stimulated brillouin and stimulated raman scattering), pulse broadening, intra-modal and inter-modal dispersion, overall fiber dispersion, polarization, non-linear effects.

• Optical fibers, fiber strength and durability, cable design, fiber-to-fiber joints, fiber splicing.

• Components of fiber optic networks, optical amplifiers, semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA),erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA), advanced multiplexing strategies, operational principles of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), FDDI, SONET/SDH networks, wavelength routing networks, wavelength cross-connects, Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) IEEE 802.17.

• PON overview, optical line terminator (OLT), optical network unit (ONU), optical distribution network (ODN), PON evolution (TDM-PONs, WDM-PONs), splitter/couplers configurations,PON standards

1. Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice - John Senior (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 013032681X or ISBN-13: 978-0130326812)
2. Optical Fiber Communications - Gerd Keiser (4^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0073380717 or ISBN-13: 978-0073380711)
3. Understanding Optical Fiber Communications - A. J. Rogers (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0890064784 or ISBN-13: 978-0890064788)
4. Fiber-Optic Communication Systems - Govind P. Agrawal (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0471175404 or ISBN-13: 978-0471175407)
5. Optical Fiber Communication Systems - Leonid Kazovsky, Alan E. Willner, Sergio Benedetto (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0890067562 or ISBN-13: 978-0890067567)
6. Fiber Optic Networks - Paul E. Green (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0133194922 or ISBN-13: 978-0133194920)
7. Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Rajiv Ramaswami, Kumar Sivarajan, Galen Sasaki (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 0123740924 or ISBN-13: 978-0123740922)
8. Optical Communication Networks - Biswanath Mukherjee (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0070444358 or ISBN-13: 978-0070444355)
9. Multiwavelength Optical Networks: A Layered Approach - Thomas E. Stern, Krishna Bala (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 020130967X or ISBN-13: 978-0201309676)

• Review of Unipolar, Polar, and Bipolar Line Coding Schemes

• Multi-level Line Coding Schemes (2B1Q, 4B3T), Scrambling Techniques (HDB3, B8ZS)

• FDM, analog carrier system, synchronous TDM, data rate management techniques,digital carrier system (DS, T, and E system) and example of DS-1 framing format, statistical TDM

• Electric current, electric charge, coulomb’s law, electric field intensity and electric potential, capacitors and charge storage concepts.

• Circuit switching, packet switching, and virtual circuit switching.

• Space-division switch (crossbar switches), multi-stage space-division switch and clos criterion, propagation delay, transmission delay, queueing delay, processing delay, time-division switch, timespace- time (TST) switch, space-time-space (STS) switch, banyan switch

• Telephone handset, telephone base unit, pulse dialing, tone dialing, SLIC (BORSCHT), exchange hierarchy (class 5-4-3-2-1) and their functions, private branch exchange (PBX), customer premises equipment (CPE), local exchange carrier (LEC), interexchange carrier (IXC), ITU numbering plan, charging plan (single-pulse metering, multiple-pulse metering, periodic pulse metering, periodic multi-pulse metering)

• Classification

• Supervisory signals or line signals, routing signals or register signals, management signals or inter-register signaling

• In-channeling signaling (inband and outband signaling, PCM signaling)

• Common Channel Signaling (CCS), CSS Network (LE, STP, SCP), associated CCS, quasiassociated signaling, non-associated CCS

• Comparison between In-channeling and Common Channel Signaling

• Signaling System 7

• Purpose and features of SS7, SS7 network architecture (SSP, STP, SCP), signaling link types (A-B-C-D-E-F), protocol architecture of SS7 (MTP, TCAP, ISUP, TUP, OMAP/DUP), SS7 signaling units (FISU, LSSU, MSU), basic call setup (IAM, ACM, ANM, REL, RLC)

• Traffic characterization (loss and delay systems), trunk, arrival rate / calling rate, holding time / service time, traffic volume, traffic intensity or average occupancy, traffic measurement unit (erlang, century call seconds)

• Traffic Statistics

• call completion ratio (CCR), answer to seizure ratio (ASR) and factors affecting low ASR,network efficiency ratio (NER), call setup success rate (CSSR), call drop rate (CDR), call failure rate (CFR), mean holding time (MHT), mean conversation time (MCT), busy hour call attempts (BHCA), busy hour calling rate (BHCR), Grade of Service (GoS), blocking probability, call congestion, duration of congestion period

• Traffic Types

• traffic offered (call attempts), traffic carried (call success), traffic lost (call failure)

• Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) overview, advantages and disadvantages of PDH, SONET and SDH overview and its features, SONET signal hierarchy (STS-1 to STS-192) and the comparison of data rates for STS and STM signals, SONET components (STS multiplexer and demultiplexer, add/drop multiplexer (ADM), regenerators), comparison of SONET and existing digital signals, SONET network and layers, SONET frame format versus SDH frame format, SONET (SOH, LOH, POH), SONET virtual tributaries, SDH containers and virtual containers

• Broadband implementation in commercial exchange and introduction to software switches (softswitch)

• Unification of circuit and packet technologies, next generation networks (NGN), layered architecture, implementation strategies

1. Digital Telephony - John C. Bellamy (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 0471345717 or ISBN-13: 978-0471345718)
2. Telecommunications Switching Principles - Michael T. Hills (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0262080923 or ISBN-13: 978-0262080927)
3. Data Communications and Networking - Behrouz A. Forouzan(5^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0073376221 or ISBN-13: 978-0073376226)
4. Telecommunications Switching, Traffic and Networks - John Edward Flood(1^st Edition, ISBN-13: 978-0130333094)
5. Telecommunications Transmission Handbook - Roger L. Freeman(4^th Edition, ISBN-13: 978-0471240181)

• - Conditional probabilities on events, independent events and conditionally independent events, law of total probability, bayes’ theorem

• Introduction to queueing and its examples
• Single-Server Network
average arrival rate, mean inter-arrival time, mean service time, average service rate, service order
• Performance metrics
response time or sojourn time, waiting time or delay, number of jobs in the system, number of jobs in queue
• Classification of queueing networks
open networks and closed networks
utilization and throughput
• Little’s law for open and closed systems
• Discrete-Time Markov Chains (DTMC)
Definition and example, transition probabilities, finite-state DTMCs, stationary equations, examples of solving stationary equations, ergodic DTMC,
Infinite-state DTMCs, solving stationary equations in infinite-state DTMCs
• Continuous-Time Markov Chains (CTMC)
Definition, example, balance equation, limit distribution, M/M/1 and PASTA,M/M/k, M/M/∞

1. Stochastic Processes - Sheldon M. Ross(2^nd Edition, ISBN-13: 978-0471120629)
2. Performance Modeling and Design of Computer Systems - Mor Harchol-Balter (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0815721803 or ISBN-13: 978-0815721802)
3. Queueing Systems Volume I: Theory - Leonard Kleinrock(ISBN-10: 0-471-49110-1)
4. Fundamentals of Queueing Theory - Donald Gross, John F. Shortle, James M. Thompson (4^th Edition, ISBN-10: 047179127X or ISBN-13: 978-0471791270
5. Queueing Modelling Fundamentals: With Applications in Communication Networks - Ng Chee-Hock,Soong Boon-Hee(2^nd ISBN-10: 0470519576 or ISBN-13: 978-0470519578)
6. Queuing Theory and Telecommunications: Networks and Applications - Giovanni Giambene (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 1461440831 or ISBN-13: 978-1461440833)

• Introduction to wireless communication systems, classification of wireless systems, wireless propagation mechanisms (free space, sky waves and space waves etc.), frequency classifications, radio frequency management.

• wireless channel and impairments, path loss, path geometry, propagation models, free-space models, frii’s equation, two-ray models, diffraction models, fading, small scale fading (due to delay spread and due to doppler spread), large scale fading, rayleigh and rician fading, average duration of fade, level crossing rate, curved earth model, mitigation of fading using equalization, link budget.
access techniques (FDMA, TDMA and CDMA etc.), power control, cell splitting, cell breathing, sectoring.

• History, evolution of cellular system, six basic components in every cellular system, frequency re-use concept, co-channel interference, channel assignment methods, handover and roaming, multiple access techniques (FDMA, TDMA and CDMA etc.), power control, cell splitting, cell breathing, sectoring.

• Introduction to spread spectrum methods, direct sequence spread spectrum, frequency hopping spread spectrum, slow and fast FHSS, pseudo noise codes, m-sequences, walsh hadamard codes, correlation properties of spreading codes, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

• Introduction to GSM, system architecture, frame structure, channel types, GSM link level, GSM handover and roaming, IS-95 (CDMA-based), GPRS/EDGE systems, UMTS, UTRAN, HSPA, long-term evolution (LTE), LTE-A and beyond.

• Diversity techniques (SISO and MIMO systems), cooperative communications, WiMAX, Bluetooth v4/v5, UWB systems, WLAN (IEEE 802.11n)

1. The Mobile Radio Propagation Channel - J. D. Parsons(2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 047198857X or ISBN-13: 978-0471988571)
2. Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice - Theodore S. Rappaport(2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0130422320 or ISBN-13: 007-6092011736)
3. Modern Wireless Communications - Simon O. Haykin, Michael Moher(5^th Edition,ISBN-10: 0130224723 or ISBN-13: 978-0130224729)

• Introduction and historical background, need of satellite communication, uplink and downlink frequencies,international regulation and frequency coordination, satellite frequency allocation and band spectrum, general and technical characteristics of satellite communication signal.

• Introduction to orbits and Kepler’s laws for planetary motion, orbital perturbations, GEO-stationary orbit, and antenna look angles, earth eclipse of satellite, launches and launch vehicles.
access techniques (FDMA, TDMA and CDMA etc.), power control, cell splitting, cell breathing, sectoring.

• Introduction of wave propagation theory, polarization of satellite signals, atmospheric losses, ionospheric effects, rain attenuation and depolarization and other impairments.

• Introduction of satellite segments, satellite on board processing, satellite subsystems, introduction and types of earth stations.

• Introduction, equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP), transmission losses, link power budget calculations, carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) and carrier to interference ratio (C/I).

• Introduction of access techniques, pre-assigned and demand assigned FDMA, pre-assigned and demand assigned TDMA, satellite-switched TDMA, code-division multiple access (CDMA).

• Introduction of satellite systems, global positioning system (GPS), very small aperture terminals (VSATs), direct broadcast satellite (DBS) services, mobile satellite services, metrological satellite services, remote sensing services.

• RADAR concept, RADAR block diagram and operation, RADAR distance equation, nautical mile,RADAR received power equation.
• Pulse wave RADAR, PRT, PRF, duty cycle, block diagram analysis of pulse RADAR
• Continuous wave RADAR, doppler effect, RADAR velocity equation
• Phased array RADAR, ultrawideband (UWB) RADAR, RADAR applications
• Continuous wave RADAR, doppler effect, RADAR velocity equation
• Phased array RADAR, ultrawideband (UWB) RADAR, RADAR applications

1. Satellite Communications - Dennis Roddy (4^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0071462988 or ISBN-13: 978-0071462983)
2. Satellite Communication Systems - M. Richharia(2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0071342087 or ISBN-13: 063-9785308706)
3. Handbook on Satellite Communications - International Telecommunications Union(3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 0471221899 or ISBN-13: 978-0471221890)
4. Satellite Communications Fundamentals - Jules E. Kadish, Thomas W. R. East(1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 1580531369 or ISBN-13: 978-1580531368)
5. Satellite Communications - Timothy Pratt, Charles W. Bostian, Jeremy E. Allnutt(2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 047137007X or ISBN-13: 978-0471370079)

• I. Advanced Enterprise Solutions and Link Aggregation

• Application of VLAN tagging, port link types and characteristics

• Port based VLANs

• Characteristics of GARP and GVRP, GARP messages and GVRP registration modes

• Purpose of VLAN routing

• VLAN routing for layer 2 and layer 3 switches

• DCE, DTE, HDLC protocol

• PPP protocol, components of PPP, PPP frame

• LCP negotiation

• PAP authentication on the PPP link

• CHAP authentication on the PPP link

• Function of DLCI, LMI negotiation process, static and dynamic mapping

• PPPoE connection establishment process and sessions

• General behavior of NAT, differnt forms of NAT

• Applications of ACL in the enterprise networks

• Decision making behavior of ACLs

• Establishing AAA and schemes of AAA security architecture

• Basic principles of IPSec security architecture

• IPSec peering between two devices

• Principle behavior of GRE, GRE over IPSec

• SNMP architecture and messaging behavior

• Function of the Management Information Base (MIB)

• Characteristics of IPv6, address format and addressing types

• IPv6 stateless address auto-configuration

• Characteristics and operation of RIPng and OSPFv3

1. HCNA Networking Study Guide - Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.(1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 9811015538 or ISBN-13: 978-9811015533)
2. Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach - James F. Kurose and Keith W. Ross(6^th Edition,ISBN-10: 0-13-285620-4 or ISBN-13: 978-0-13-285620-1)
3. CCNA Routing and Switching Complete Study Guide: Exam 100-105, Exam 200-105, Exam 200-125 - Todd Lammle(2^nd Edition,ISBN-10: 1119288282 or ISBN-13: 978-1119288282)
4. Data Communications and Networking - Behrouz A. Forouzan(5^th Edition,ISBN-10: 0073376221 or ISBN-13: 978-0073376226)

• Detailed network design and analysis - capacity design, traffic modeling (Erlang model), reverse/forward link capacity and link capacity equation, network architecture, site surveys and audits, cell site configurations

• Noise figure in link budget, S/N ratio for a mobile user, receiver sensitivity, confidence cell, shadow margin and handoff gain, fade margin, interference, forward/reverse link range, link budget factors (MAPL calculations)

• Coverage design, average path loss models (Hata, Cost 231 etc.), Link budget factors (MAPL calculations),cell site gains and losses, drive testing, identifying antenna types, antenna configurations,coverage goals, equipment characteristics, base station design, spreadsheet based planning and growth planning

• Review of GSM system and architecture, reverse and forward links, frequency planning (frequency reuse, frequency allocation, frequency conflicts, handoffs, power control)

• Fundamentals of CDMA2000 standard, radio configurations, wireless architecture, reverse and forward links, logical and physical channels

• PN Planning (frequency allocation, pilot increment and search window size, PN offset reuse patterns, PN offset planning, pilot searching process, aliasing)

• Handoff Planning (soft handoffs, deploying second carrier, hard handoff, interference mitigation, hard handoff triggers, pilot beacon)

• WLAN/WPAN/WMAN (IEEE 802.15, 802.16, IEEE 802.11ac, 802.11ah for IoT, 802.11ai, 802.11ax)

• 4G/5G (OFDMA, SC-FDMA, SOFDMA, BDMA, FBMC, IEEE 802.11ad, 802.11af)

• 5G cellular network architecture

1. Mobile Cellular Telecommunications: Analog and Digital Systems - William C. Y. Lee(2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0070380899 or ISBN-13: 978-0070380899)
2. Radio Interface System Planning for GSM/GPRS/UMTS - Jukka Lempi¨ainen, Matti Manninen(2^nd Edition,ISBN-10: 1441949143 or ISBN-13: 978-1441949141)
3. Radio Network Planning and Optimisation for UMTS - Jaana Laiho, Achim Wacker, Tomas Novosad(2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0470015756 or ISBN-13: 978-0470015759)
4. CDMA RF System Engineering - Samuel C. Yang(1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0890069913 or ISBN-13: 978-0890069912)
5. Fundamentals of LTE - Arunabha Ghosh, Jun Zhang, Jeffrey G. Andrews, Rias Muhamed(1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0137033117 or ISBN-13: 978-0137033119)
6. CDMA Network planning - Qualcomm (Student Notes)
7. Emerging Wireless LANs, Wireless PANs, and Wireless MANs: IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15, 802.16 Wireless Standard Family - Yang Xiao, Yi Pan(1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0471720690 or ISBN-13: 978-0471720690)
8. RF Engineering for Wireless Networks: Hardware, Antennas, and Propagation - Daniel M. Dobkin(1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0750678739 or ISBN-13: 978-0750678735)
9. Cellular Mobile Radio Systems: Designing Systems for Capacity Optimization - Husni Hammuda(1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0471956414 or ISBN-13: 978-0471956419)
10. Designing a Wireless Network: Understanding How Wireless Communication Works - Jeffrey Wheat, Randy Hiser, Jackie Tucker, Alicia Neely, Andy McCullough(1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 1928994458 or ISBN-13: 978-1928994459)

• Basic concepts and definitions concerning ICT along with types of ICT and its measuring parameters
• Selected regulatory terminologies

• Covering telecom sector’s background, from the days of T&T to the current competitive scenario prevailing in the local telecom market
• Introduction to and functioning of telecom regulatory stakeholders in Pakistan: stakeholders, like the GoP (MoIT), pakistan telecom authority (PTA), frequency allocation board (FAB), telecom operators/service providers, telecom consumers, etc.

• Familiarization with Telecom liberalization, privatization, de-regulation, competition etc. as per international best practices.

• Conceptual frame work of telecom regulation as international best practices, prevailing regulatory environment in the country; competition amongst various segments of services in Pakistan and future prospects etc.
• Process of legislation in Pakistan and introduction to telecom policies, act, rules and regulations: process of enactment of legislation/laws, presentation/discussion on telecom reorganization act of 1996, introduction to various telecom rules and major regulations issued by PTA and analysis of their usefulness/utility

• Familiarization with international/regional telecom organizations/bodies: functioning of various agencies/bodies (international and regional) such as World Bank, WTO, ITU, APT and SAARC etc.
• Acquaintance with telecom standard organizations like ITU(T), IEEE and international organization of standards (ISO) etc.

1. Section 1 (Chapters 1,2,4,7), Section 4 (Chapters 15,16), Section 6 (Chapters 24,26,27,28), Section 7 (Chapter 31) of “The APC ICT Policy Handbook (Second edition) | Association for Progressive Communications”, apc.org, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.apc.org/en/pubs/books/apc-ictpolicy- handbook-second-edition. [Accessed: 13-Oct-2016].
2. Chapters 1,2 of “10th Anniversary Telecommunications Regulation Handbook”, infodev.org, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.infodev.org/articles/10th-anniversary-telecommunications-regulationhandbook. [Accessed: 13-Oct-2016].
3. Secondary Reading: International Telecom. Union (ITU) relevant publications at www.itu.int ; International Organization for Standardization (ISO) at www.iso.org ; Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineering (IEEE) at www.ieee.org
4. An Introduction to International Telecommunications Law - Charles H. Kennedy, M. Veronica Pastor (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0890068356 or ISBN-13: 978-0890068359)
5. International Telecommunications Handbook - Robert M. Frieden (1^st Edition,ISBN-10: 0890065683 or ISBN-13: 978-0890065686)
6. Material on various topics issued by the instructor

• Concept of Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneur
• Different forms of Entrepreneurship

• Core of Entrepreneurship
• Entrepreneur and Entrepreneurship
• Characteristics of an Entrepreneur
• Essential skills for Entrepreneur
• Cognitive foundations of Entrepreneurship
• Entrepreneurial revolution

• An evolving concept
• Understanding Entrepreneurial opportunities and industry analysis
• Developing corporate Entrepreneurship
• Innovation and the Entrepreneurship
• Minority Entrepreneurs
• Total quality management in Entrepreneurship
• Women Entrepreneurship

1. Entrepreneurship in Theory and Practice: Paradoxes in Play - Suna Lowe Nielsen, Kim Klyver, Majbritt Rostgaard Evald, Torben Bager (1^st Edition,ISBN-10: 1781000395 or ISBN-13: 978-1781000397)
2. Entrepreneurship: An Evidence-Based Guide - Robert A. Baron (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0324365586 or ISBN-13: 978-0324365580)
3. Entrepreneurship: A Process Perspective - Robert A. Baron, Scott A. Shane (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0324365586 or ISBN-13: 978-0324365580)
4. Entrepreneurship - Donald F. Kuratko, Richard M. Hodgetts (7^th Edition,ISBN-10: 0324323417 or ISBN-13: 978-0324323412)
5. Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship - H. Nandan (3^rd Edition,ISBN-10: 8120347501 or ISBN-13: 978-8120347502)

Classification of signals, basic operations on signals, signal representation and models, system characteristics, signal calculus, power representations signals, linear time-invariant (LTI) systems, zero-state and zero-input responses, characterization of systems using system equations and impulse response, system order, properties of LTI systems, causality and stability.

Sinusoidal and complex exponential signals, singularity function signals, signal energy and signal power, orthogonal signals, signal representation by generalized fourier series, convolution evaluation and properties.

Review of laplace transform, pole-zero plots, system, stability, S-domain transfer function, obtaining transfer function from the system equation.

Spectra and bandwidth of signals, review of fourier series and fourier transform for representation of signals, standard signals in the frequency domain, energy density spectrum, power density spectrum, auto-correlation function, system frequency response, phase delay and group delay.

Filter response terminology, Nth order filter functions (low pass, high pass, band pass, notch, and all pass), examples of passive filter circuits (low pass, high pass, band pass notch, and all-pass),frequency transformation

Ideals filters: introduction and background

Analog filter designs: butterworth, chebyshev I and II, elliptic

Ideal sampling, sampling theorem, practical sampling effects, discrete-time signals as vectors, DTsystems as linear transformation of these vectors, constant coefficient difference equations, solving difference equations, determining unit pulse response.

The laboratory experiments will cover simulations of continuous-time/discrete-time signals, linear timeinvariant systems, fourier series and fourier transform, effects of changing the time period of periodic signals, sampling, digital filters and convolution of signals. Hardware based experiments using spectrum analyzer and network analyzer.

1. Signal and Linear System Analysis - Gordon E. Carlson (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0471124656 or ISBN-13: 978-0471124658)
2. Signals and Systems - Simon Haykin, Barry Van Veen (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0471164747 or ISBN-13: 978-0471164746)
3. Signals and Systems - Alan V. Oppenheim, Alan S. Willsky, with S. Hamid Nawab (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0138147574 or ISBN-13: 978-0138147570)

What is simulation, objectives of simulation, advantages and disadvantages of simulation, areas of application, steps in a simulation study

What is simulation, objectives of simulation, advantages and disadvantages of simulation, areas of application, steps in a simulation study

Terminologies:

state variable, entities, attributes, activity, event, endogenous, exogenous, continuous-time and discrete-time model, continuous-state and discrete-state models, deterministic and probabilistic models, static and dynamic models, linear and nonlinear models, open and closed models, stable and unstable models

Common mistakes in simulations:

Inappropriate level of detail, improper language, unverified model, invalid model, improperly handled initial condition, too short simulations, poor random-number generator, improper selection of seed

Types of Simulation:

Monte-Carlo simulation, Trace-Driven simulation, Discrete-Event Simulation

Introduction and familiarization of Matlab/Simulink environment

Loops, functions, plotting, and array manipulation using Matlab

Basic mathematical, circuit analysis, and related examples using Simulink

Introduction and familiarization of GNU Octave environment

Basic mathematical operation and plotting using GNU Octave

Installation and familiarization of OrCAD EE (PSpice) Designer environment

Design of simple circuits and their analysis using PSpice

Installation and familiarization of Quite Universal Circuit Simulator (Qucs)

Design of simple circuits and their analysis using Qucs

Installation and familiarization of OMNeT++/NS-3

Demonstration of simple example using OMNeT++/NS-3

Installation and familiarization of Riverbed Modeler Academic Edition

Demonstration of simple example using Riverbed Modeler Academic Edition

1. MATLAB and Simulink - http://www.mathworks.com/
2. GNU Octave - http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/
3. OrCAD PSpice Designer - http://www.orcad.com/products/orcad-pspice-designer/overview
4. Quite Universal Circuit Simulator (Qucs) - http://qucs.sourceforge.net/
5. OMNeT++ Discrete Event Simulator - https://omnetpp.org/
6. NS-3 - https://www.nsnam.org/
7. OPNET/Riverbed Modeler - http://www.riverbed.com/
8. NI Multisim - http://www.ni.com/multisim/
9. NI LabVIEW - http://www.ni.com/labview/

1. Handbook of Simulation: Principles, Methodology, Advances, Applications, and Practice - Jerry Banks (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0471134031 or ISBN-13: 978-0471134039)
2. The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis: Techniques for Experimental Design, Measurement, Simulation, and Modeling - Raj Jain (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0471503363 or ISBN-13: 978-0471503361)
3. Introduction to Matlab 7 for Engineers - William J. Palm III, William Palm (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0072922427 or ISBN-13: 978-0072922424)
4. Fundamentals of Data Structures in C++ - Ellis Horowitz, Sartaj Sahni, Dinesh Mehta (^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0929306376 or ISBN-13: 978-0929306377)
5. Matlab: A Practical Introduction to Programming and Problem Solving - Stormy Attaway (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 0124058760 or ISBN-13: 978-0124058767)
6. A Concise Introduction to Matlab - William Palm III (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0073385832 or ISBN-13: 978-0073385839)
7. Spice: A Guide to Circuit Simulation and Analysis using PSPICE - Paul W. Tuinenga (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 0134360494 or ISBN-13: 978-0134360492)
8. The SPICE Book - Andrei Vladimirescu (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0471609269 or ISBN-13: 978-0471609261)

Background, history and context, programming languages, programming environment, compilers, the edit-compile-link-execute model, portability, programming style and conventions.

Introduction to programs and software, system software, application software, operating systems, compilation and interpretation, problem specification, algorithms, flow chart, pseudo code.

Data types and declaration, header file and linkage, variables and constants, arrays, input/output, termination, remark, control structures, branching, conditional structures, repetition and loops, basic library functions

Operating Systems: introduction to various operating systems (Microsoft Windows, Linux: Ubuntu / SUN Solaris) and office tools (OpenOffice/LibreOffice, Microsoft Office).

Programming: coding, compilation, execution and debugging of simple C++ programs, implementation of simple control structures, implementation of functions, implementation of different function styles, input/output, loops, conditional branching, arrays, multidimensional arrays, array as function arguments, strings, null character, string functions, pointer variable, returning multiple values from functions, pointers and arrays, pointers arithmetic, pointers and strings, double indirection.

Introduction to Python

1. Using Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to Computers and Communications - Brian Williams and Stacey Sawyer (7^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0072260718 or ISBN-13: 978-0072260717)
2. The C Programming Language - Brian W. Kernighan, Dennis M. Ritchie (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0131103628 or ISBN-13: 978-0131103627)
3. Python Programming: An Introduction to Computer Science - John Zelle (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 1590282418 or ISBN-13: 978-1590282410)
4. Computer Organization and Architecture: Designing for Performance - William Stallings (7^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0131856448 or ISBN-13: 978-0131856448)
5. Object-Oriented Programming in C++ - Robert Lafore (4^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0672323087 or ISBN-13: 978-0672323089)
6. Understanding Pointers in C - Yashavant Kanetkar (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 8176563587 or ISBN-13: 978-8176563581)
7. A Practical Guide to Solaris - Mark G. Sobell (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 020189548X or ISBN-13: 078-5342895483)

Insulators, conductors, superconductors, semiconductors, energy levels in a semiconductor, hole concept, intrinsic and extrinsic regions, electron hole pair, distribution of electrons and holes in conduction and valence band, recombination and life time, doped semiconductors, law of mass action, PN junction, forward and reverse characteristics, diodes and transistors.

Electric current, electric charge, coulomb’s law, electric field intensity and electric potential, capacitors and charge storage concepts.

Electric quantities, simple resistive circuits (series and parallel), kirchhoff law (KVL, KCL), voltage-divider rule, current-divider rule, resistive bridges and ladders, nodal analysis, loop analysis, linearity and superposition, source transformation, circuit theorems, power calculations, analysis of RC and RL circuits.

Magnetism, magnetic fields, magnetic effects of electric current, faraday’s and lenz’s laws, ampere's law and its applications, eddy currents, inductors and inductance, induced current and their applications (transformers, generators etc.).

AC waveform, period and frequency, radians and angular frequency, peak, instantaneous and rms values, average and effective values, AC voltage and current in capacitors and inductors, average power.

The laboratory experiments will make students understand the phenomena of electromagnetic induction, heating effect of electric current, and the tools to analyze electric circuits and PN junction devices. For example, evaluation of series/parallel resistive circuits, charging/discharging mechanism of RC and RL circuits as well as non-linear characteristics of diode are investigated through hardware/simulations tools.

1. University Physics - Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman (13^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0321696891 or ISBN-13: 978-0321696892)
2. Physics - David Halliday, Robert Resnick, Kenneth S. Krane (4^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0471804584 or ISBN-13: 978-0471804581)
3. Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis - J. David Irwin, Robert M. Nelms (11^th Edition, ISBN-10: 111853929X or ISBN-13: 978-1118539293)
4. Hughes Electrical and Electronic Technology - Edward Hughes (11^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0273755102 or ISBN-13: 978-0273755104)

Text analysis, critical thinking, skimming, scanning and detailed reading

Academic writing/technical report writing drafting letters with different types of messages with different registers and purposes, prepare CV's and covering letters according to job requirement

Listening comprehension formal and informal lectures and presentations, take notes and collect specific information

Speaking in real life situations, conversational strategies, elements of public speaking: giving lectures and presentation on specific topics, ask questions and explain point of view in discussions (demonstrate turn taking technique)

1. Axelrod & Cooper's Concise Guide to Writing - Rise B. Axelrod, Charles R. Cooper (6^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0312668902 or ISBN-13: 978-0312668907)
2. English for Business: A Functional Approach - Joseph Chilver (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 1858050634 or ISBN-13: 978-1858050638)
3. Writing: Advanced - Ron White (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0194534073 or ISBN-13: 978-0194534079)
4. College Writing Skills with Readings - John Langan (9^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0078036275 or ISBN-13: 978-0078036279)
5. Patterns for College Writing: A Rhetorical Reader and Guide - Laurie G. Kirszner, Stephen R. Mandell (13^th Edition, ISBN-10: 1457666529 or ISBN-13: 978-1457666520)
6. Mercury Reader - A Custom Publication - Janice Neuleib, Kathleen Shine Cain, Stephen Ruffus (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 1256182192 or ISBN-13: 978-1256182191)
7. Effective Business Communications - Herta A. Murphy, Herbert W. Hildebrandt, Jane P. Thomas (7^th Edition, ISBN-10: 007044398X or ISBN-13: 978-0070443983)
8. Ultimate Cover Letters - Martin John Yate (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 0749464054 or ISBN-13: 978-0749464059)

Introduction of optoelectronics devices, historical background, the nature of light, basic laws and properties of light, units of measuring light (radiometric and photometric units)

Light sources, emission and absorption of radiation, the einstein relation, light emission in semiconductor, stimulation emission in semiconductors, lasing conditions in semiconductors, population inversion, electrical and optical bandwidth

Laser operation and basic concept, optical feedback, pumping, einstein relationship, population inversion, optical emission from semiconductor, semiconductors laser diodes (SLDs), types of semiconductor laser diodes, homojunction and heterojunction lasers, semiconductor injection laser, stripe geometry, gain guided laser, index-guided laser, quantum well lasers, short and couple guide laser, distributed feedback laser, VCSE lasers, injection laser characteristics, injection laser to fiber coupling, non-semiconductor lasers, spectral and output characteristics, threshold condition, laser losses, laser modes, classes of lasers, single mode operation, stripe geometry, efficiency, tunable lasers, direct and external modulation

Light emitting diodes (LEDs), types of light emitting diodes (LEDs), LED power and efficiency, spectral characteristics, modulation, capabilities

Photo detection in semiconductors, quantum efficiency, responsivity, long wavelength cutoff, semiconductor photodiodes without internal gain, PIN photodiodes, avalanche photodiodes (APDs), photodetector noise considerations, phototransistors.

Intensity modulation and direct detection modulation (IM/DD), SLD drive circuits, LED drive circuit, optical receivers design, receiver noise.

Introduction to optoelectronics, measuring characteristics of optical sources (LED and LASER), measuring characteristics of optical detector (PN, PIN and APD), overview of optical source meter and optical power meter, field optical spectrum analyzer

1. Optoelectronics - Endel Uiga (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0024221708 or ISBN-13: 978-0024221704)
2. Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice - John Senior (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 013032681X or ISBN-13: 978-0130326812)
3. Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Rajiv Ramaswami, Kumar Sivarajan, Galen Sasaki (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 0123740924 or ISBN-13: 978-0123740922)

Communication model, data communications, networks, the Internet.

Need for protocol architecture, layered architecture of ISO-OSI model, standard protocols and its functions, TCP/IP protocol suit, IPv4 and IPv6

Data transmission concept and terminology, analog and digital transmission, transmission impairments (attenuation, delay distortion, noise), bandwidth and data rate, transmission types (synchronous, asynchronous), types of errors (error detection and correction methods), modes of transmission (simplex, half duplex and full duplex).

Introduction to error/flow control (stop-n-wait, sliding window), frame format (SDLC and HDLC), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), synchronous TDM and asynchronous TDM.

Switched networks (circuit switched, message switched, packet switched virtual CKT. and datagram), broadcast network, packet radio network, satellite network, access method (CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA, ALOHA and token passing), introduction to congestion and congestion control mechanism.

Installation and troubleshooting of network interface card (NIC), transmission media (guided/unguided), cables and connectors, introduction to client/server architecture, introduction to LAN/WAN, physical layout (bus, star, tree and ring topology), inter networking devices (repeaters, bridges, switches and routers), LAN types: ethernet, token ring, ARCnet, FDDI, fast ethernet, 100 base VG any LAN etc., introduction to IP addressing scheme, introduction to OPNET: a network simulation tool, observe the operation of ethernet network (creating a direct link with media access control using OPNET), modeling the CCNA topology using OPNET in a WAN scale, introduction to routers and its interfaces, router configuration, introduction to routing (static/dynamic).

1. Data and Computer Communications - William Stallings (7^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0131006819 or ISBN-13: 978-0131006812)
2. Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach - James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross (6^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0132856204 or ISBN-13: 978-0132856201)
3. Computer Networks - Andrew S. Tanenbaum, David J. Wetherall (5^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0132126958 or ISBN-13: 978-0132126953)

Review of discrete-time signals and systems along with their representation, analogue-to-digital conversion, uniform sampling theorem, quantisation and its effects, quantisation noise to signal ratio.

Characterization of a discrete-time system using difference equation and pulse transfer function, signal energy and signal power of a DT signal, convolution sum and its use in DT systems, correlation, and normalized correlation, the concept of self-similarity and autocorrelation, using autocorrelation for timing recovery.

Discrete-Time fourier transform, periodicity of DTFT and the proof of nyquist theorem, discrete fourier transform (DFT), properties of DFT, introduction to fast fourier transform (radix-2, decimation in time, decimation in frequency), magnitude and phase response using DFT.

Z-transform for the analyses of discrete-time systems, inverse Z-transform, solution of difference equations using Z-transforms, obtaining the pulse transfer function from the difference equation, pole-zero maps in the Z-domain, stability of discrete-time systems

Concepts of FIR and IIR digital systems, design of digital filters using discrete-time fourier transform - window method, introduction to window functions, comparison of the properties of the window functions.

Stationary and non-stationary signals, estimating energy density spectrum of non-stationary signals using window functions, advantages and disadvantages of the window functions in terms of spectral resolution and leakage, periodogram or power density spectrum.

Advantages for multi-rate digital signal processing, decimation, interpolation, sampling rate conversion by a rational factor, applications for multi-rate signal processing in telecommunication engineering.

MATLAB: sampling and quantisation of signals, implementation and interpretation of convolution, correlation algorithms, frequency-domain analyses of discrete-time signals and systems, discrete fourier transform (DFT), design of FIR filters using window method, power spectrum estimation of signals, introduction to multirate signal processing.

TI DSP 320TMSC6713: introduction to TI 320TMSC6713 DSP starter kit and code composer studio, implementation of mathematical equations on the DSK, import/export of data to/from DSK, digital direct synthesis.

1. Discrete-Time Signal Processing - Alan V. Oppenheim, Ronald W. Schafer (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 0131988425 or ISBN-13: 978-0131988422)
2. Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Approach - Emmanuel Ifeachor, Barrie Jervis (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0201596199 or ISBN-13: 978-0201596199)
3. Digital Signal Processing - John G. Proakis, Dimitris K Manolakis (4^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0131873741 or ISBN-13: 978-0131873742)
4. Understanding Digital Signal Processing - Richard G. Lyons (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 0137027419 or ISBN-13: 978-0137027415)

Microwave definition, microwave frequencies, properties of microwaves.

General description of waves on transmission line, e-waves, h-waves, group velocity, phase velocity, impedance and admittance relationship of transmission line, propagation characteristics (attenuation constant, phase constant), travelling waves and standing waves, VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio).

Wave-guide transmission line single mode propagation, rectangular wave-guide, problems on rectangular wave guide, cylindrical wave-guide, elliptical wave-guides, propagation characteristic wave-guide

Z and Y parameters analysis, ABCD and S representation of microwave networks, transmission lines, discontinuities and s-parameters, smith chart analyzing rules, smith chart and matching networks

High frequency limitations of conventional tubes. Bunching and velocity modulation

Principles and operation of one cavity and two cavity klystrons, multicavity klystron, travelling wave tubes, backward wave oscillator, microwave solid state devices, varactor diode, PIN diode, GUNN diode and IMPATT diode

Directional couplers, power dividers, microwave mixers, theory of mixing, conversion loss, microwave link planning, introduction to MMIc’s, application and limitations.

1. Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design - Constantine A. Balanis (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 047166782X or ISBN-13: 978-0471667827)
2. Foundations for Microwave Engineering - Robert E. Collin (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0070118116 or ISBN-13: 978-0070118119)
3. Microwave Theory and Applications - Stephen F. Adam (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 013581488X or ISBN-13: 978-0135814888)
4. Microwave Engineering - David M. Pozar (4^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0470631554 or ISBN-13: 978-0470631553)

Introduction to probability, axiomatic approach, distribution function and density function of random variables, examples of distribution and density functions, conditional and joint distribution, functions of random variables, central-limit theorem, expected value, moments, variance, mean, autocorrelation, stationary process, wide sense stationary process, transformation of stochastic processes, correlation, power-spectrum, thermal noise, band-limited processes

Introduction to linear mean square estimation and filtering problems, random signal and noise through a linear system, noise representation, signal to noise ratio for F.M., A.M., P.M. and digital modulation schemes, shot noise, white noise, noise figure and noise temperature.

1. Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers - Douglas C. Montgomery, George C. Runger (6^th Edition, ISBN-10: 1118539710 or ISBN-13: 978-1118539712)
2. Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists - Ronald E. Walpole, Raymond H. Myers, Sharon L. Myers, Keying E. Ye (9^th Edition, ISBN-10: 9332519080 or ISBN-13: 978-9332519084)
3. Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems - B. P. Lathi, Zhi Ding (4^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0195331451 or ISBN-13: 978-0195331455)
4. Digital and Analog Communication Systems - Leon W. Couch (8^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0132915383 or ISBN-13: 978-0132915380)

History of optical communication, elements of optical fiber communication (OFC) transmission link, evolution of fiber optic system, advantages of OFC system.

Optical fiber waveguide, Ray theory transmission, electromagnetic mode theory for optical propagation, cylindrical fibers, single mode fiber, multimode fibers, step index fibers, graded index fibers, single mode/multimode fiber transmission characteristics.

Attenuation, absorption losses (intrinsic and extrinsic), scattering losses, fiber bend loss, linear scattering losses (Rayleigh and Mir scattering), non-linear scattering losses (stimulated brillouin and stimulated raman scattering), pulse broadening, intra-modal and inter-modal dispersion, overall fiber dispersion, polarization, non-linear effects.

Optical fibers, fiber strength and durability, cable design, fiber-to-fiber joints, fiber splicing.

Components of fiber optic networks, optical amplifiers, semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA), erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA), advanced multiplexing strategies, operational principles of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), basic on concepts of SONET/SDH network.

Fiber attenuation measurements, fiber dispersion measurements, field measurements, optical time domain reflectormeter (OTDR).

1. Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice - John Senior (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 013032681X or ISBN-13: 978-0130326812)
2. Understanding Optical Fiber Communications - A. J. Rogers (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0890064784 or ISBN-13: 978-0890064788)
3. Fiber-Optic Communication Systems - Govind P. Agrawal (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0471175404 or ISBN-13: 978-0471175407)
4. Fiber Optic Networks - Paul E. Green (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0133194922 or ISBN-13: 978-0133194920)

Introduction and historical background, need of satellite communication, uplink and downlink frequencies, international regulation and frequency coordination, satellite frequency allocation and band spectrum, general and technical characteristics of satellite communication signal.

Introduction to orbits and Kepler's laws for planetary motion, orbital perturbations, GEO-stationary orbit, and antenna look angles, earth eclipse of satellite, launches and launch vehicles.

Introduction of wave propagation theory, polarization of satellite signals, atmospheric losses, ionospheric effects, rain attenuation and depolarization and other impairments.

Introduction of satellite segments, satellite on board processing, satellite subsystems, introduction and types of earth stations.

Introduction, equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP), transmission losses, link power budget calculations, carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) and carrier to interference ratio (C/I).

Introduction of access techniques, pre-assigned and demand assigned FDMA, pre-assigned and demand assigned TDMA, satellite-switched TDMA, code-division multiple access (CDMA).

Introduction of satellite systems, global positioning system (GPS), very small aperture terminals (VSATs), direct broadcast satellite (DBS) services, mobile satellite services, metrological satellite services, remote sensing services.

1. Satellite Communications - Dennis Roddy (4^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0071462988 or ISBN-13: 978-0071462983)
2. Satellite Communication Systems - M. Richharia (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0071342087 or ISBN-13: 063-9785308706)
3. Handbook on Satellite Communications - International Telecommunications Union (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 0471221899 or ISBN-13: 978-0471221890)
4. Satellite Communications Fundamentals - Jules E. Kadish, Thomas W. R. East (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 1580531369 or ISBN-13: 978-1580531368)
5. Satellite Communications - Timothy Pratt, Charles W. Bostian, Jeremy E. Allnutt (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 047137007X or ISBN-13: 978-0471370079)

- Review of Unipolar, Polar, and Bipolar Line Coding Schemes
- Multi-level Line Coding Schemes (2B1Q, 4B3T), Scrambling Techniques (HDB3, B8ZS)

FDM, analog carrier system, synchronous TDM, data rate management techniques, digital carrier system (DS, T, and E system) and example of DS-1 framing format, statistical TDM

Circuit switching, packet switching, and virtual circuit switching

Space-division switch (crossbar switches), multi-stage space-division switch and clos criterion, propagation delay, transmission delay, queueing delay, processing delay, time-division switch, time-space-time (TST) switch, space-time-space (STS) switch, banyan switch

Telephone handset, telephone base unit, pulse dialing, tone dialing, SLIC (BORSCHT), exchange hierarchy (class 5-4-3-2-1) and their functions, private branch exchange (PBX), customer premises equipment (CPE), local exchange carrier (LEC), interexchange carrier (IXC), ITU numbering plan, charging plan (single-pulse metering, multiple-pulse metering, periodic pulse metering, periodic multi-pulse metering)

- Supervisory signals or line signals, routing signals or register signals, management signals or inter-register signaling
- In-channeling signaling (inband and outband signaling, PCM signaling)
- Common Channel Signaling (CCS), CSS Network (LE, STP, SCP), associated CCS, quasi-associated signaling, non-associated CCS
- Comparison between In-channeling and Common Channel Signaling
- Signaling System 7 (purpose and features of SS7, SS7 network architecture, signaling link types, protocol architecture of SS7, SS7 signaling units, basic call setup)

Traffic characterization (loss and delay systems), trunk, arrival rate / calling rate, holding time / service time, traffic volume, traffic intensity or average occupancy, traffic measurement unit (erlang, century call seconds)

call completion ratio (CCR), answer to seizure ratio (ASR) and factors affecting low ASR, network efficiency ratio (NER), call setup success rate (CSSR), call drop rate (CDR), call failure rate (CFR), mean holding time (MHT), mean conversation time (MCT), busy hour call attempts (BHCA), busy hour calling rate (BHCR), Grade of Service (GoS), blocking probability, call congestion, duration of congestion period

traffic offered (call attempts), traffic carried (call success), traffic lost (call failure)

Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) overview, advantages and disadvantages of PDH, SONET and SDH overview and its features, SONET signal hierarchy (STS-1 to STS-192) and the comparison of data rates for STS and STM signals, SONET components (STS multiplexer and demultiplexer, add/drop multiplexer (ADM), regenerators), comparison of SONET and existing digital signals, SONET network and layers, SONET frame format versus SDH frame format, SONET (SOH, LOH, POH), SONET virtual tributaries, SDH containers and virtual containers

- Broadband implementation in commercial exchange and introduction to software switches (soft-switch)
- Unification of circuit and packet technologies, next generation networks (NGN), layered architecture, implementation strategies

1. Digital Telephony - John C. Bellamy (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 0471345717 or ISBN-13: 978-0471345718)
2. Telecommunications Switching Principles - Michael T. Hills (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0262080923 or ISBN-13: 978-0262080927)
3. Data Communications and Networking - Behrouz A. Forouzan (5^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0073376221 or ISBN-13: 978-0073376226)
4. Telecommunications Switching, Traffic and Networks - John Edward Flood (1^st Edition, ISBN-13: 978-0130333094)
5. Telecommunications Transmission Handbook - Roger L. Freeman (4^th Edition, ISBN-13: 978-0471240181)
6. Digital Transmission Systems - David R. Smith (3^rd Edition, ISBN-13: 978-1402075872)
7. Telecom Systems, PSTN, PBX, Datacom, IP Telephony, IPTV, Wireless and Billing - Lawrence Harte, Avi Ofrane (1^st Edition, ISBN-13: 978-0972805391)
8. Signaling System #7 - Travis Russell (6^th Edition, ISBN-13: 978-0071822145)

Introduction to wireless communication systems, classification of wireless systems, wireless propagation mechanisms, frequency classifications

Link budget, path geometry, path clearance and obstruction (diffraction and reflection), impairments to radio systems (rain attenuation, fading etc.), fading, types of fading, fading models (statistical distributions), multipath fading and its alleviation.

History, evolution of cellular system, six basic components in every cellular system

Frequency re-use concept, co-channel interference, channel assignment methods, handover and roaming, multiple access techniques (FDMA, TDMA and CDMA etc.)

Power control, cell splitting, sectoring, fixed and dynamic channel assignments.

System architecture, frame structure, channel types, GSM link level, GSM handover and roaming

Spread spectrum based communication systems, concepts and architecture

Simulation of propagation characteristics of a radio signal in free space, simulation of AWGN channel, simulation of rayleigh and rician fading channel, simulation of flat and frequency selective fading, simulation of BER performance of various digital modulation schemes (m-PSK, m-QAM) for the AWGN channel and rayleigh fading channel, simulation of frequency hopping spread spectrum, direct sequence spread spectrum and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

1. Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice - Theodore S. Rappaport (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0130422320 or ISBN-13: 007-6092011736)
2. Modern Wireless Communications - Simon O. Haykin, Michael Moher (5^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0130224723 or ISBN-13: 978-0130224729)

Detailed network design and analysis - "capacity design, traffic modeling (Erlang model), reverse/forward link capacity and link capacity equation, network architecture, site surveys and audits, cell site configurations". Link Budgets - "noise figure in link budget, S/N ratio for a mobile user, receiver sensitivity, confidence cell, shadow margin and handoff gain, fade margin, interference, forward/reverse link range, link budget factors (MAPL calculations)."

Coverage design, average path loss models (Hata, Cost 231 etc.), Link budget factors (MAPL calculations), cell site gains and losses, drive testing, identifying antenna types, antenna configurations, coverage goals, equipment characteristics, base station design, spreadsheet based planning and growth planning.

Review of GSM system and architecture, reverse and forward links, frequency planning (frequency reuse, frequency allocation, frequency conflicts, handoffs, power control).

Fundamentals of CDMA2000 standard, radio configurations, wireless architecture, reverse and forward links, logical and physical channels. PN Planning (frequency allocation, pilot increment and search window size, PN offset reuse patterns, PN offset planning, pilot searching process, aliasing). Handoff Planning (soft handoffs, deploying second carrier, hard handoff, interference mitigation, hard handoff triggers, pilot beacon).

1. Mobile Cellular Telecommunications: Analog and Digital Systems - William C. Y. Lee (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0070380899 or ISBN-13: 978-0070380899)
2. Radio Interface System Planning for GSM/GPRS/UMTS - Jukka Lempiäinen, Matti Manninen (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 1441949143 or ISBN-13: 978-1441949141)
3. Radio Network Planning and Optimisation for UMTS - Jaana Laiho, Achim Wacker, Tomas Novosad (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0470015756 or ISBN-13: 978-0470015759)
4. CDMA RF System Engineering - Samuel C. Yang (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0890069913 or ISBN-13: 978-0890069912)
5. CDMA Network planning - Qualcomm (Student Notes)

Multimedia terminology, media types (text, audio, video and graphics), multimedia applications (elastic and in-elastic traffic), multimedia technologies

Audio/Video compression, real-time traffic, taxonomy of multimedia applications, video streaming (client buffering, prefetching, and adapting video quality to available bandwidth, content distribution networks (CDNs), case study (youtube, netflix, and kankan systems as case studies for streaming video), conversational voice and video (adaptive playout, forward error correction, and error concealment), case study (skype), RTP/RTCP and SIP, mechanisms within the network that can be used to distinguish one class of traffic (e.g. delay-sensitive applications such as conversational voice) from another (e.g. elastic applications such as browsing web pages), and provide differentiated service among multiple classes of traffic

Error resilience, QoS guarantees, traffic shaping and policing, admission control algorithms, queue management, scheduling, issues in multicasting. end-to-end QoS for video delivery, wireless video, error control in video streaming, cross-layer video adaptation, integrated vs differentiated services architectures, network security in IP networks

JPEG/JPEG-2000, H.26x, MPEG-1/4/7, AVC, scalable video coding, multipoint data conferencing: T.120, error resilience in video codecs: H.26x and MPEG, multimedia over ATM, multimedia over IP: multicast, streaming multimedia over wireless/mobile networks

Multimedia applications in WiMax/LTE, introduction to mobile TV, DVB. IP telephony, IPTV

1. Data and Computer Communications - William Stallings (7^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0131006819 or ISBN-13: 978-0131006812)
2. Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach - James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross (6^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0132856204 or ISBN-13: 978-0132856201)
3. Next Generation IPTV Services and Technologies - Gerard O'Driscoll (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0470163720 or ISBN-13: 978-0470163726)
4. Broadband Telecommunications Handbook - Regis J. Bates (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0071346481 or ISBN-13: 978-0071346481)
5. Broadband Network Architectures: Designing and Deploying Triple-Play Services - Chris Hellberg, Dylan Greene, Truman Boyes (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0132300575 or ISBN-13: 978-0132300575)

Review of narrow-band technologies (ISDN, LAN, MAN, WAN), overview of broadband and emerging technologies (DSL, LTE, PON)

X.25, Frame Relay, CATV, T and E carrier systems

ATM: protocol architecture, model planes, logical connections, control signaling, ATM cells, cell format, service categories, adaptation layer protocol, MPLS, GMPLS

B-ISDN interfaces, B-ISDN user access and protocols, digital signaling system, abilities and benefits of B-ISDN, B-ISDN network elements and structures, reference points, protocols, functions of different layers in B-ISDN model, Transportation of ATM cells using SDH/SONET, ATM layer in B-ISDN

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) introduction, architecture, DSL broadband technologies (HDSL, SDSL, ADSL, VDSL), line codes (QAM/CAP and DMT) in DSL, performance issues in DSL, network solutions based on DSL, a case study, next generation digital loop carriers

Satellite transmission, free space optics, GPON, FTTH and LTE networks

1. Data and Computer Communications - William Stallings (7^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0131006819 or ISBN-13: 978-0131006812)
2. Business Data Communications - William Stallings (6^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0136067417 or ISBN-13: 978-0136067412)
3. Data Communications: From Basics to Broadband - William J. Beyda (4^th Edition, ISBN-10: 013145692X or ISBN-13: 978-0131456921)
4. Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach - James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross (6^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0132856204 or ISBN-13: 978-0132856201)

- Review of literature; Introduction to thesis writing; Introduction to scientific manuscript writing; Introduction to plagiarism, types of plagiarism; Thesis layout instructions.

- Students work on their projects and meet with their supervisor as per schedule.

- Atomic structure of elements, energy level diagram of intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor, doping, formation of P/N type material, semiconductor diodes, forward and reverse characteristics of diode, types of diodes, equivalent circuits of diodes, diode as a switch, special purpose diodes, applications of diodes, half wave and full wave rectifiers, clipper and clamper circuits, voltage multipliers

- Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT), transistor operation, types of transistor, transistor biasing configurations, DC and AC analysis of BJT, transistor as a switch and an amplifier

- Field Effect Transistor (FET), FET biasing and configuration techniques, DC and AC analysis of FET and its applications as a switch and amplifier, MOSFET

The emphasis is first on understanding the characteristics of diodes and transistors. Based on this understanding students are required to construct more complex circuits such as rectifier circuits and power supplies.

1. Diode: Data sheet reading, analyzing diode characteristics on a curve tracer, finding a defective diode among a batch of non-defective diodes, various kinds of diode and their uses, and drawing of symbols.
2. Simulation of Basic Electronic Circuits using PSpice/Multisim

1. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory - Robert L. Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky (10^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0135026490 or ISBN-13: 978-0135026496)
2. Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits: Electron Flow Version - Robert T. Paynter (7^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0131716395 or ISBN-13: 978-0131716391)
3. A Practical Book on Basic Electronics - Qurban A. Memon, Irfan A. Halepoto (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 9698680144)
4. The First Practical Book on Electronic Workshop - B. S. Chowdhry and Ahsan Ursani (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 9698680039)

1. Microelectronic Circuits - Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith (6^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0195323033 or ISBN-13: 978-0195323030)
2. Microelectronic Circuit Design - Richard C. Jaeger, Travis Blalock (5^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0073529605 or ISBN-13: 978-0073529608)

RADAR block diagram and operation, RADAR range equation, RADAR frequencies, applications of RADAR

Prediction of range performance, minimum detectable signal, receiver noise, signal to noise ratio, integration of RADAR pulses, RADAR cross section, transmitter power, antenna parameters, system losses, propagation effects, RADAR clutters.

Continuous wave (CW) and frequency modulated RADAR, MTI and pulse wave (PW) doppler RADAR, tracking RADAR.

RADAR transmitters, RADAR antennas, receivers, displays and duplexers.

Detection criteria, detector characteristics, performance of RADAR operator, automatic detection.

1. Introduction to RADAR Systems - Merrill Skolnik (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 0072881380 or ISBN-13: 978-0072881387)
2. RADAR Engineering - G. S. N. Raju (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 8190694219 or ISBN-13: 978-8190694216)

Concept and definitions of SS communications as compared with conventional types of communications, origin of SS communications, implementations of SS communications, spreading sequences, orthogonal and semi-orthogonal sequences.

PN sequences: pseudo-noise (PN) sequences generation and its properties (balance, run and correlation properties).

M-sequences: generation of M-sequence using shift registers (fibonacci and galois feedback generators), characteristics of M-sequence (near balance, correlation and security etc.), polynomial representation of M-sequences, gold sequences: why gold codes, generation of gold codes, finding preferred pair of M-sequences, correlation properties of gold sequences.

Orthogonal sequences: walsh codes, motivation, generation and its properties, application of walsh codes, variable length orthogonal codes (motivation, generation and properties).

Fundamental of spread spectrum:: concept of spectrum and bandwidth, definition of SS signals, types of SS signals, benefits of SS techniques.

Analysis of SS systems: direct sequence SS systems, frequency-hopped SS systems, synchronization of SS communication system (acquisition and tracking)

Application of spread spectrum: anti-jamming, ranging, multipath suppression, code-division multiple access, recent commercial applications.

CDMA systems: introduction to 2G/3G standards, CDMA 2000 systems and architecture, WCDMA system and architecture.

1. Introduction to Spread Spectrum Communications - Rodger E. Ziemer, Roger L. Peterson, David E. Borth (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0024316237 or ISBN-13: 978-0024316233)
2. Spread Spectrum Systems with Commercial Applications - Robert C. Dixon (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 8126527862 or ISBN-13: 978-8126527861)
3. CDMA: Principles of Spread Spectrum Communication - Andrew J. Viterbi (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0201633744 or ISBN-13: 978-0201633740)

Microwave definition, microwave frequencies, properties of microwaves.

General description of waves on transmission line, e-waves, h-waves, group velocity, phase velocity, impedance and admittance relationship of transmission line, propagation characteristics (attenuation constant, phase constant), travelling waves and standing waves, VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio).

Z and Y parameters analysis, ABCD and S representation of microwave networks, transmission lines, discontinuities and s-parameters, smith chart analyzing rules, smith chart and matching networks, wave-guide transmission line single mode propagation.

Rectangular wave-guide, problems on rectangular wave guide, cylindrical wave-guide, elliptical wave-guides, propagation characteristic wave-guide, planar circuit technology: microstrip lines and their design, microstrip coupled line filters, antenna design considerations, horn antenna, parabolic antenna, microwave lens antenna, spiral antenna, microwave tubes: high frequency limitations of conventional tubes, bunching and velocity modulation.

Principles and operation of one cavity and two cavity klystrons, multicavity klystron, travelling wave tubes, backward wave oscillator, microwave solid state devices, varactor diode, PIN diode, GUNN diode and IMPATT diode, directional couplers, power dividers, microwave mixers, theory of mixing, conversion loss, microwave link planning, introduction to MMIc’s, application and limitations.

1. Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design - Constantine A. Balanis (3^rd Edition, ISBN-10: 047166782X or ISBN-13: 978-0471667827)
2. Foundations for Microwave Engineering - Robert E. Collin (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 0070118116 or ISBN-13: 978-0070118119)
3. Microwave Theory and Applications - Stephen F. Adam (2^nd Edition, ISBN-10: 013581488X or ISBN-13: 978-0135814888)
4. Microwave Engineering - David M. Pozar (4^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0470631554 or ISBN-13: 978-0470631553)

Introduction to traffic engineering from the service provider network (emphasis upon the evolution of traffic engineering, including its role in network transmission from layer 2 to IP technology and MPLS traffic engineering), review of probability theory (distributions, stochastic processes), introduction to traffic theory, tele-traffic models, classical models for voice and data traffic.

Telecommunication networks, switching and routing, multiplexing and concentration, multiple access, circuit switched network modeled as a loss network, packet switched network modeled as a queuing network.

Introduction, traffic measurements, traffic variations, traditional modeling of telephone traffic, traditional modeling of data traffic, novel models for data traffic, simple tele-traffic model, poisson model, erlang model, binomial model, engset model.

Objectives and prerequisites, real-time flows and the current Internet protocols, the problem with IP, requirements for an integrated service packet network (ISPN), introduction to QoS, traffic and QoS parameters, hierarchical and administrative network structures, traffic mixes in the network, QoS parameters and their measurements: delay, jitter, data rate.

Introduction, elastic/in-elastic applications, interactive real-time media flows (audio, video), many-to-many communications: IP multicast (group communication using IP, multicast routing, multimedia conferencing), QoS based routing (what is QoS based routing?, addressing and metrics).

Introduction to queuing and scheduling, conservation law, fairness, dimensions and strategies, priorities, generalized processor sharing, simple teletraffic model, m/m/1, m/m/n, first come first serve (FCFS), round robin, weighted fair queuing, queue management and congestion control, discussions and summary.

Introduction, intserv, resource reservation protocol (RSVP), diffserv

Introduction, traffic and congestion control in IP networks, Internet, ATM technique, service categories and traffic contract, traffic and congestion control in ATM, connection admission control (CAC) and usage parameter control (UPC), ABR flow control.

Transport support of QoS: RTP/RTCP, user to network signaling, session related support: SIP/SDP, introduction to VPN

Develop a case study for MPLS architecture

1. ITU's Teletraffic Engineering Handbook - Villy B. Iversen (Technical University of Denmark)
2. Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks - Thiagarajan Viswanathan (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 8120307135 or ISBN-13: 978-8120307131)
3. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes - Athanasios Papoulis, S. Unnikrishna Pillai (4^th Edition, ISBN-10: 0071226613 or ISBN-13: 978-0071226615)
4. Probability and Random Processes: An Introduction for Applied Scientists and Engineers - Wilbur B Davenport (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0070154406 or ISBN-13: 978-0070154407)
5. An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking: ATM Networks, the Internet, and the Telephone Network - Srinivasan Keshav (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0201634422 or ISBN-13: 978-0201634426)
6. Quality of Service: Delivering QoS on the Internet and in Corporate Networks - Paul Ferguson, Geoff Huston (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0471243582 or ISBN-13: 978-0471243588)
7. QoS and Traffic Management in IP and ATM Networks - David McDysan (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 0071349596 or ISBN-13: 978-0071349598)
8. Internet QoS: Architectures and Mechanisms for Quality of Service - Zheng Wang (1^st Edition, ISBN-10: 1558606084 or ISBN-13: 978-1558606081)